Lockwiki - User contributions [en]

S&G 8088

2010-08-30T01:48:08Z

David: /* Principles of operation */ Changed "one hundred" to "fifty" in third sentence to fix error. Fixed typo: "number" to "numbered".

=Sargent & Greenleaf 8088=

{{Lock model
|name = Sargent & Greenleaf 8088
|Img = File:SG_8088_padlock.jpg
|maker = [[Sargent & Greenleaf]]
|lock_type = [[Padlock]]
|lock_design = [[Combination]]
|years_produced = 195? - 1985
|patent = [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=z2VNAAAAEBAJ US 2,673,457]<br>[http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=wRgaAAAAEBAJ US 2,625,032]
|related = [[S&G 8065]]<br>[[S&G 8077]]
}}

The '''8088''' is a [[UL 768]]-rated [[combination]] lock made by [[Sargent & Greenleaf]]. It is rated for 30 minutes of protection against [[Safecracking#Manipulation|manipulation]] and radiological attacks, and 10 minutes of protection against surreptitious attacks. There are no defined protections against destructive entry in the 8088 specifications.

The 8088 was developed in the 1950s for the United States government through one of Sargent & Greenleaf's government contracts.<ref>{{Ref Tobias LSS}}</ref> It has since been superceded by the [[S&G 8077]] and the [[S&G 8065]].

__TOC__

== Principles of operation ==

The 8088 is a combination lock that requires three numbers be correctly dialed into the lock for the shackle to be released. It uses three internal wheels and a fence-type mechanism similar to those used in traditional combination [[safe]] locks. The dial has fifty graduations numbered 0-49, giving the 8088 a total of 125,000 (50<sup>3</sup>) theoretical [[Differs|permutations]].

The 8088 functions very similar to traditional rotary [[combination]] safe locks. It uses a set of wheels, a drive cam, a fence, and a mechanism which resembles a butterfly. The butterfly hooks into the shackle, restricting its movement. When the correct combination is dialed the wheels and drive cam are properly aligned under the butterfly. Pulling the shackle causes the butterfly to collapse and pushes the fence into the gates, releasing the shackle.

The opening index mark is location at 12 o'clock on the face of the lock. The changing index, used to reset the combination, is located at 11 o'clock. All combinations are a three number sequence that ends with 0, for example 24-10-40-0 and 42-28-9-0. The last number is required to set the drive cam in the proper position. The factory combination is 25-0 (25-25-25-0), but older models may use 10-20-30-0.

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:SG_8088_open.jpg|8088 with back cover removed.
File:SG 8088 gates.jpg|True gates on each wheel.
File:SG 8088 butterfly.jpg|The butterfly component.
File:SG 8088 open back.jpg|8088 in the unlocked position.
</gallery></div>

'''Notes'''
* The dial of the 8088 may be stamped with a two digit number to prevent casual replacement of the lock.

== Opening instructions ==

These instructions use an example combination of 10-20-30-0

# Dial counter-clockwise four full revolutions, stopping on 10.
# Dial clockwise three full revolutions, stopping on 20.
# Dial counter-clockwise two full revolutions, stopping on 30.
# Dial clockwise to 0.
# Pull the shackle to unlock the padlock.

To dial the factory 25-0 combination (25-25-25-0), all wheels are dialed counter-clockwise four times, stopping at 25. Then dial clockwise, stopping at 0. Pull the shackle to unlock the padlock.

== Combination change instructions ==

# Unlock the lock using the correct combination.
# Hold the change key hole open while returning the shackle to the locked position.
# Dial the original combination, aligning each wheel with the changing index.
# Insert the change key into the change key hole and turn in 90° clockwise.
# Dial the new combination, aligning each wheel with the changing index.
# Turn the change key 90° counter-clockwise and remove it from the lock. Do not close the change key hole!
# Dial the new combination to the opening index and open the lock. Open the lock repeatedly to ensure the new combination works before closing the change key hole.

'''Notes'''
* The opening index is at 12 o'clock, the changing index at 11 o'clock.
* Incorrectly dialing any wheel to the opening index and closing the change key hole during step 3 will render the lock non-functional.<ref>Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc. [http://www.wheelpost.com/Documents_PDF/8088_instructions.pdf 8088 Padlock: Operating Instructions]</ref>

== Disassembly instructions ==

The 8088 cannot be disassembled non-destructively. Four retaining rods around the lock body must be drilled to allow the back cover to be removed. Rods are located at 2, 3, 9, and 10 o'clock on the back of the lock. The pins at 3 and 9 o'clock are horizontal while 2 and 10 are vertical.

== Vulnerabilities ==

The 8088 may be vulnerable to one or more of the following:

* [[Decoding]]
* [[Bypass]]
* [[Destructive entry]]

'''Notes'''
* Decoding is possible through both manipulation and radiological attacks.
* Semi-destructive decoding is possible, particularly drilling the lock body and viewing the wheel pack or fence.

== Gallery ==

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:SG 8088 back.jpg
File:SG 8088 butterfly removed.jpg
File:SG 8088 back open.jpg
</gallery></div>

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:SG_8088_wheels_fly.jpg
File:SG_8088_5.jpg
File:SG_8088_10.jpg
File:SG_8088_14.jpg
File:SG_8088_15.jpg
File:SG_8088_18.jpg
File:SG_8088_19.jpg
File:SG_8088_22.jpg
File:SG_8088_23.jpg
File:SG_8088_24.jpg
File:SG_8088_25.jpg
File:SG_8088_26.jpg
File:SG_8088_27.jpg
File:SG_8088_28.jpg
File:SG_8088_29.jpg
File:SG_8088_30.jpg
</gallery></div>

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Combination]]
* [[UL 768]]
* [[Sargent & Greenleaf]]

[[Category:Sargent & Greenleaf|8088]]
[[Category:Combination locks]]
[[Category:UL 768 locks]]

American Lock 5200

2010-08-29T21:29:47Z

David: /* Principles of operation */ Edited first sentence for clarity.

= American Lock 5200 =

{{Lock model
| name = American Lock 5200
| Img = File:American5200.JPG
| maker = [[American Lock]]
| lock_type = [[Padlock]], [[Cylinder]]
| lock_design = [[Pin-tumbler]]
| years_produced =
| patent =
| related =
}}

The '''5200''' is a [[pin-tumbler]] [[padlock]] made by [[American Lock]]. This padlock is very often associated with the United States Military. It contains not only security top pins, but security bottom pins as well.

__TOC__

== Principles of operation ==

[[File:American5200pins.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]
The series 5200 padlock is a standard pin tumbler lock which, though it sometimes has room for a 6th pin stack, comes pinned in 5 chambers. The bottom pins come in both serrated and plain, and the top pins come as spooled, spoorated, and serrated top pins. When all of the pins are lifted to the shear line by the key the plug can turn clockwise. The 5200 Series is a key retaining lock, so when it is opened with the key the key cannot be removed until the lock is shut again.

== Disassembly instructions ==

Once the padlock is opened, the shackle can be turned and a screw can be removed from the hole the shackle popped out of. This unscrewing should drop off the bottom plug retainer allowing the plug to be removed.
After the plug is out the same standard disasembly applies:
{{Pin-tumbler standard disassembly}}

== Gallery ==

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:American5200open.JPG|An open 5200.
File:americanparts.JPG|The pieces of a 5200.
</gallery></div>

== See also ==

* [[Pin-tumbler]]
* [[Padlock]]
* [[American Lock]]

[[Category:American Lock|5200]]
[[Category:Padlocks]]
[[Category:Pin-tumbler locks]]

Lever

2010-08-29T14:51:19Z

David: /* Components */

=Lever=
{{cleanup}}

A '''lever''' (or '''lever tumbler''') is a [[lock]] design that uses flat pieces of metal (also known as levers) and a [[bolt]] as locking components. In most designs, the position of the levers prevents the bolt from retracting. When positioned properly, a gate in the lever allows the bolt to retract. Lever locks are historically one of the most popular lock designs, but use has dwindled as less expensive [[pin-tumbler]] locks have gained popularity. Lever locks are popular in Europe (specifically the UK) as residential and commercial [[door]] locks and on [[safe]]s. Safe-deposit boxes in banks around the world use lever designs heavily.

__TOC__

== History ==

One of the early lever lock designs was the Banbury lock created in the late 1700s. This design did not use fences and gates, but rather a simple hinged lever that the key had to lift out of the way in order for the bolt to retract. Security was provided by traditional keyway [[Warded|warding]].

=== Barron lock ===
In 1778, [[Robert Barron]] patented the first lever lock that used a fence and gates. The levers utilized a technique called ''double action'' in order to provide increased security. This technique requires each lever be lifted to a precise height at which the fence can pass through the gate. Overlifting a lever causes it to block the fence; older locks' levers could just be lifted to any height as long as they cleared the obstacles. The double-acting lever principle is still in use to this day, and was also eventually applied to [[pin-tumbler]] locks by [[Linus_Yale_Jr|Linus Yale, Jr]].

=== Chubb lock ===
[[File:Chubb_lock.jpg|thumb|right|text-top|300px|The [[Chubb]] Detector lock.]]

In 1827, Charles and [[Jeremiah Chubb]] patented a lock design based on Barron's work. Their version reversed the placement of the fence and gates, attaching the fence to the bolt and the gates to the levers. This design still in use today in many locks. They also added a device called the ''detector'', an extra lever that triggered by overlifting of the main levers. When triggered, the Detector would lock the bolt until it was reset with a special key. [[Chubb]] added serrations on the gate levers which prematurely bound components if tension was applied when the component was in the incorrect position. This design was also eventually included in [[security pin]]s by many other lock designs.
In 1883, Chubb patented a rotating barrel that closed off the keyway when the key was turned. This addition helped to prevent [[decoding]].

=== Tucker and Reeves ===
In 1851, a new design surfaced with a bolt that was not rigidly fixed but could shift on one end. Patented by Tucker and Reeves, this design aimed to thwart picking attempts involving pressure on the bolt. The shifting bolt made it harder to feel the gates inside the lock as it shifted. In 1853, the design was refined to include a rotating barrel that prevented movement of the bolt until a key was inserted.

=== Parsons lock ===
In 1832, the Parsons lock was created. This design had seven symmetrical levers that pivoted around their midpoint (traditional levers were hinged at one endpoint). The key lifted the levers at one end and the bolt had notches at both ends. Overlifting any lever would cause it to engage the notch in the bolt and lock it at that end even if the other end had cleared the bolt.

== Principles of Operation ==

A series of levers is placed in the lock. The entire set of levers must be properly raised by the key to allow a piece of metal connected to the bolt to pass through the gates of the levers, retracting or extending the bolt. Each lever may have a larger undersection or a different gate position to provide [[differs]].

<div align="center"><gallery>
</gallery></div>

== Components ==

; Levers
: The primary locking component of lever lock. Each lever is a flat piece of metal with a gate which must be raised to the proper position to allow the stump to pass through and retract or extend the bolt. Each lever is self-tensioned by a built in spring, sometimes referred to as the "fly". Some levers use a thinned belly section referred to as "conning" to ensure the lever interfaces with the correct bitting area on the key.

; Stump, Fence
: The stump, or fence, is a protrusion connected to the [[bolt]]. The stump prevents the bolt from being extended or retracted until the levers are properly positioned. Traditional designs have the stump and levers interconnected (gates are closed, with the stump sitting inside each lever).

; Washers
: Washers are flat metal plates placed between each lever to ensure that each lever is properly raised by each bitting cut. They are not universal, but common in outdoor facing lever locks that require a high degree of reliability, especially in harsh conditions.

; Curtain
: A curtain is a component used in the keyway to prevent direct access to the levers until the key is fully rotated in the lock. This protects against casual manipulation of the levers, but does not dissuade [[lockpicking]] attacks completely.

== Vulnerabilities ==

Lever locks are vulnerable to a wide variety of attacks depending on their design. Tools to pick and decode lever locks are not as widely available as their [[pin-tumbler]] counterparts, but are equally prevelant and effective.

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Decoding]]
* [[Bypass]]

'''Notes'''
* Lever locks are not subject to [[key bumping]] or [[pick gun]] attacks.

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Lock]]
* [[Key]]
* [[Lockpicking]]

[[Category:Locks]]
[[Category:Lever locks| ]]

Talk:Legal issues

2010-08-28T22:42:31Z

David: /* New York State Requirements */

={{FULLPAGENAME}}=

Use this page to discuss any legal issues relating to lockpicking, safecracking, key bumping, and associated topics.

--[[User:Datagram|Datagram]] 15:21, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

According District of Columbia Official Code, DC ST § 22-2501, it would not appear to be prima facie:

No person shall have in his or her possession in the District any instrument, tool, or implement for picking locks or pockets, with the intent to use such instrument, tool, or implement to commit a crime. Whoever violates this section shall be imprisoned for not more than 180 days and may be fined not more than $1,000, unless the violation occurs after he or she has been convicted in the District of a violation of this section or of a felony, either in the District or another jurisdiction, in which case he or she shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than 5 years.

--[[Special:Contributions/96.26.93.159|96.26.93.159]] 22:00, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

== New York State Requirements ==

So far as I can tell, New York State does not require the licensing of locksmiths, but New York City does.

Reference 2 on the line for New York takes you to the page in the NYC code that covers locksmith licenses, not to a page that applies to the State as a whole. Also, the [http://www.aloa.org/AGMap/AG.htm ALOA] website doesn't list New York as a state that requires licenses.

[[User:David|David]] 22:42, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

Talk:Legal issues

2010-08-28T22:41:00Z

David: /* New York State Requirements */ new section