Lockwiki - User contributions [en]

Lockwood Twin

2015-07-07T07:33:14Z

Nickinator: Added image and updated references

=Lockwood Twin=

{{Lock model
| name = Lockwood Twin
|Img = File:LockwoodTwin_Key.jpeg
| maker = [[Lockwood]]
| lock_type = [[Cylinder]]
| lock_design = [[Pin-tumbler]], [[Sidebar]]
| years_produced = 1999-present<ref>[http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/lockwood-products/keying-and-cylinders/lockwood-twin-high-security-restricted-keying-system/ Year of Patent Registration]</ref>
| patent = 1993045932 (Australia) SE 9202094-0 (Sweeden)
| related = [[ASSA Twin 6000]]<br>[[ASSA Twin Exclusive]]<br>[[ASSA Twin Maximum]]<br>[[ASSA Twin Pro]]<br>[[ASSA Twin V-10]]
}}

The Lockwood Twin is an increasingly popular lock used in Commerical Applications, manufactured under ASSA Abloy's [[Lockwood]] brand.<ref>[http://www.assaabloy.com.au/Local/AU/Documents/Catalogues/Lockwood/Lockwood%20Keying%20and%20Cylinders%20Catalogue.pdf Lockwood Keying Cylinders Catalogue]</ref>

The lock is functionally identical to the [[ASSA Twin 1800]] and the design seems to be based from it, with the patents for both sharing an inventor (Bo Widen)<ref>[http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=1993045932#! IP Australia - AusPat Database]</ref><ref>[http://was.prv.se/spd/patent?p1=M95TX84aNCp7eM42P9NdVA&p2=nknki_mgZz8&hits=true&tab=1&content=9202094&lang=en&hitsstart=0&start=1 Sweedish Patent Database - Entry 9202094]</ref>, however unlike many of the other ASSA Twin locks, the Lockwood Twin uses only 3 pins in the sidebar. The Lockwood Twin is part of the Twin series of locks that use pin-tumblers and a [[sidebar]] to provide two layers of security.

The Twin is also is similar in function to the [[Schlage Primus]] cylinder.

__TOC__

== Principles of operation ==

The Lockwood Twin uses up to six pin-tumblers and 3 sidebar finger pins. Each of the driver pins in the pin tumblers can be equipped with security pins, (however in practice this is not always done) and functions in much the same way as any other [[Pin-tumbler]] locks.
The sidebar finger pins must be raised to the correct height by the key, with each key system having the same sidebar height, shared across all locks and keys.<ref>[http://geelonglocksmiths.com.au/media/Lockwood_Restricted_Keying_System.pdf Lockwood High Security Restricted Keying System]</ref>

'''Notes'''

== Key Markings and Meanings ==
The sholder of the key contains the Key Profile (Generally starting with T) used in that system. The same marking is usually stamped on the plug of the lock on the right hand side. Keys with a key profile that do not match the plug will generally not fit that plug.

The first line of text stamped on the key (from the top of the key) is System Number EG ''DDHA059'' and denotes for which system it is, ie, a master key and an operational key for the same system will both have the same system number.

The second line of the key contains the key number (Ie A1, MK) and the issue number (Ie 0001 for the first key issued)<ref>[http://ddhardware.com.au/Restricted_Keying.php Restricted Key Identification]</ref>

== Disassembly instructions ==

The Twin is disassembled in the same way as a traditional pin-tumbler cylinder. The sidebar does not cause too many problems when the plug is removed. When the key is removed from the exposed plug the finger pins will be forced out by spring pressure.

{{Pin-tumbler standard disassembly}}

== Vulnerabilities ==

The Lockwood Twin system may be vulnerable to one or more of the following:

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Decoding]]
* [[Bumping|Key bumping]]

The Lockwood Twin can be picked in much the same way as any other lock of it's style. The conventional pins (The 6 pin tumblers) pick with relative ease, especially considering the excessive master keying usually applied to these systems. When the conventional pins have been picked the lock turns about 1/8th turn, and the sidebar pins must then be picked, which is generally fairly straightforward given an idea of what the key looks like, and if no success is had it's possible to rotate the plug back just enough to reset the sidebar pins, but not the top pins.

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Lockwood]]
* [[ASSA Twin 6000]]
* [[Sidebar]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]

[[Category:Lockwood]]
[[Category:Australian Locks]]
[[Category:Pin-tumbler locks]]
[[Category:Sidebar locks]]

Lockwood

2015-07-07T07:29:32Z

Nickinator: /* Lock listing */ Added DX

=Lockwood=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=Lockwood
|Img=File:Lockwood_logo.jpg
|Headquarters=Australia
|Founded=1934
|Founder=John Stanley Ogden
|Products=[[Padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|Lock cylinders]], [[Electronic lock]]s,
}}

'''Lockwood''' is an Australian [[lock manufacturer]] that produces low and medium security [[padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|lock cylinders]], and [[electronic lock]]s.

__TOC__

== History ==

In 1999 [[ASSA-Abloy]] purchased a 50% share in Lockwood and assumed full ownership of the company in 2001.

== Lock listing ==
[[Lockwood Twin]]

[[Lockwood Generation 6]]

[[Lockwood MT5]]

[[Lockwood Digital DX]]

==Security and Picking==
Very few (if any) unmodified Lockwood locks use [[Security pin]]'s, and all Lockwood padlock plugs rotate in the same direction (Clockwise), making them relatively low security.

However some Lockwood padlocks, such as the Lockwood 234/45 features an [[Interchangeable Core]], which can increase security, however these cores can be removed when the lock is open by simply using a screwdriver, rather than an interchange key / control key. This means that with access to an open padlock a key can be made to fit the lock through decoding.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/ About Us, Lockwood Australia Website]
* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/75-year-anniversary/ 75 Year anniversary, Lockwood Australia Website]

==See Also==

* [[Lock manufacturers]]
* [[ASSA-Abloy]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]
* [[Australian Lock Company]]

[[Category:Lock Manufacturers]]
[[Category:Lockwood| ]]
[[Category:ASSA-Abloy]]

File:LockwoodTwin Key.jpeg

2015-07-07T06:32:22Z

Nickinator: /* Summary */ Added today's date

== Summary ==
{{Information
|Description = Lockwood Twin Key with T24 profile
|Date = 23:32, 6 July 2015 (PDT)
|Source = http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/lockwood-products/keying-and-cylinders/lockwood-twin-high-security-restricted-keying-system/
|Author = Lockwood
|Permission = Non-free promotional
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free promotional }}

File:LockwoodTwin Key.jpeg

2015-07-07T06:28:29Z

Nickinator: {{Information |Description = Lockwood Twin Key |Source = http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/lockwood-products/keying-and-cylinders/lockwood-twin-high-security-restricted-keying-system/ |Author = Lockwood |Permission = Non-free promotional }}

== Summary ==
{{Information
|Description = Lockwood Twin Key
|Source = http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/lockwood-products/keying-and-cylinders/lockwood-twin-high-security-restricted-keying-system/
|Author = Lockwood
|Permission = Non-free promotional
}}
== Licensing ==
{{Non-free promotional }}

Lockwood

2015-07-07T06:03:24Z

Nickinator: /* Lock listing */ Removed DC-1, it's actually sold under the "Caribine" brand.

=Lockwood=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=Lockwood
|Img=File:Lockwood_logo.jpg
|Headquarters=Australia
|Founded=1934
|Founder=John Stanley Ogden
|Products=[[Padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|Lock cylinders]], [[Electronic lock]]s,
}}

'''Lockwood''' is an Australian [[lock manufacturer]] that produces low and medium security [[padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|lock cylinders]], and [[electronic lock]]s.

__TOC__

== History ==

In 1999 [[ASSA-Abloy]] purchased a 50% share in Lockwood and assumed full ownership of the company in 2001.

== Lock listing ==
[[Lockwood Twin]]

[[Lockwood Generation 6]]

[[Lockwood MT5]]

==Security and Picking==
Very few (if any) unmodified Lockwood locks use [[Security pin]]'s, and all Lockwood padlock plugs rotate in the same direction (Clockwise), making them relatively low security.

However some Lockwood padlocks, such as the Lockwood 234/45 features an [[Interchangeable Core]], which can increase security, however these cores can be removed when the lock is open by simply using a screwdriver, rather than an interchange key / control key. This means that with access to an open padlock a key can be made to fit the lock through decoding.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/ About Us, Lockwood Australia Website]
* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/75-year-anniversary/ 75 Year anniversary, Lockwood Australia Website]

==See Also==

* [[Lock manufacturers]]
* [[ASSA-Abloy]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]
* [[Australian Lock Company]]

[[Category:Lock Manufacturers]]
[[Category:Lockwood| ]]
[[Category:ASSA-Abloy]]

Lockwood

2015-07-07T06:02:40Z

Nickinator: /* Lock listing */ Spacing

=Lockwood=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=Lockwood
|Img=File:Lockwood_logo.jpg
|Headquarters=Australia
|Founded=1934
|Founder=John Stanley Ogden
|Products=[[Padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|Lock cylinders]], [[Electronic lock]]s,
}}

'''Lockwood''' is an Australian [[lock manufacturer]] that produces low and medium security [[padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|lock cylinders]], and [[electronic lock]]s.

__TOC__

== History ==

In 1999 [[ASSA-Abloy]] purchased a 50% share in Lockwood and assumed full ownership of the company in 2001.

== Lock listing ==
[[Lockwood Twin]]

[[Lockwood Generation 6]]

[[Lockwood MT5]]

[[Lockwood DC-1]]

==Security and Picking==
Very few (if any) unmodified Lockwood locks use [[Security pin]]'s, and all Lockwood padlock plugs rotate in the same direction (Clockwise), making them relatively low security.

However some Lockwood padlocks, such as the Lockwood 234/45 features an [[Interchangeable Core]], which can increase security, however these cores can be removed when the lock is open by simply using a screwdriver, rather than an interchange key / control key. This means that with access to an open padlock a key can be made to fit the lock through decoding.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/ About Us, Lockwood Australia Website]
* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/75-year-anniversary/ 75 Year anniversary, Lockwood Australia Website]

==See Also==

* [[Lock manufacturers]]
* [[ASSA-Abloy]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]
* [[Australian Lock Company]]

[[Category:Lock Manufacturers]]
[[Category:Lockwood| ]]
[[Category:ASSA-Abloy]]

Lockwood

2015-07-07T06:02:20Z

Nickinator: /* Lock listing */ Added the line of "High Security" *cough* locks, being pushed by Lockwood at the moment (In Australia at least)

=Lockwood=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=Lockwood
|Img=File:Lockwood_logo.jpg
|Headquarters=Australia
|Founded=1934
|Founder=John Stanley Ogden
|Products=[[Padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|Lock cylinders]], [[Electronic lock]]s,
}}

'''Lockwood''' is an Australian [[lock manufacturer]] that produces low and medium security [[padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|lock cylinders]], and [[electronic lock]]s.

__TOC__

== History ==

In 1999 [[ASSA-Abloy]] purchased a 50% share in Lockwood and assumed full ownership of the company in 2001.

== Lock listing ==
[[Lockwood Twin]]
[[Lockwood Generation 6]]
[[Lockwood MT5]]
[[Lockwood DC-1]]

==Security and Picking==
Very few (if any) unmodified Lockwood locks use [[Security pin]]'s, and all Lockwood padlock plugs rotate in the same direction (Clockwise), making them relatively low security.

However some Lockwood padlocks, such as the Lockwood 234/45 features an [[Interchangeable Core]], which can increase security, however these cores can be removed when the lock is open by simply using a screwdriver, rather than an interchange key / control key. This means that with access to an open padlock a key can be made to fit the lock through decoding.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/ About Us, Lockwood Australia Website]
* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/75-year-anniversary/ 75 Year anniversary, Lockwood Australia Website]

==See Also==

* [[Lock manufacturers]]
* [[ASSA-Abloy]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]
* [[Australian Lock Company]]

[[Category:Lock Manufacturers]]
[[Category:Lockwood| ]]
[[Category:ASSA-Abloy]]

Lockwood Twin

2015-07-07T06:00:17Z

Nickinator: Created page and included basic data, lock is almost identical to the ASSA Twin, but has some slight variants and is sold as a "new" product.

=Lockwood Twin=

{{Lock model
| name = Lockwood Twin
| maker = [[Lockwood]]
| lock_type = [[Cylinder]]
| lock_design = [[Pin-tumbler]], [[Sidebar]]
| years_produced = 1999-present<ref>[http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/lockwood-products/keying-and-cylinders/lockwood-twin-high-security-restricted-keying-system/ Year of Patent Registration]</ref>
| patent = 1993045932 (Australia) SE 9202094-0 (Sweeden)
| related = [[ASSA Twin 6000]]<br>[[ASSA Twin Exclusive]]<br>[[ASSA Twin Maximum]]<br>[[ASSA Twin Pro]]<br>[[ASSA Twin V-10]]
}}

The Lockwood Twin is an increasingly popular lock used in Commerical Applications, manufactured under ASSA Abloy's [[Lockwood]] brand.<ref>http://www.assaabloy.com.au/Local/AU/Documents/Catalogues/Lockwood/Lockwood%20Keying%20and%20Cylinders%20Catalogue.pdf Lockwood Keying Cylinders Catalogue</ref>

The lock is functionally identical to the [[ASSA Twin 1800]] and the design seems to be based from it, with the patents for both sharing an inventor (Bo Widen)<ref>http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=1993045932#! IP Australia - AusPat Database</ref><ref>http://was.prv.se/spd/patent?p1=M95TX84aNCp7eM42P9NdVA&p2=nknki_mgZz8&hits=true&tab=1&content=9202094&lang=en&hitsstart=0&start=1 Sweedish Patent Database - Entry 9202094</ref>, however unlike many of the other ASSA Twin locks, the Lockwood Twin uses only 3 pins in the sidebar. The Lockwood Twin is part of the Twin series of locks that use pin-tumblers and a [[sidebar]] to provide two layers of security.

The Twin is also is similar in function to the [[Schlage Primus]] cylinder.

__TOC__

== Principles of operation ==

The Lockwood Twin uses up to six pin-tumblers and 3 sidebar finger pins. Each of the driver pins in the pin tumblers can be equipped with security pins, (however in practice this is not always done) and functions in much the same way as any other [[Pin-tumbler]] locks.
The sidebar finger pins must be raised to the correct height by the key, with each key system having the same sidebar height, shared across all locks and keys.<ref>http://geelonglocksmiths.com.au/media/Lockwood_Restricted_Keying_System.pdf Lockwood High Security Restricted Keying System</ref>

'''Notes'''

== Key Markings and Meanings ==
The sholder of the key contains the Key Profile (Generally starting with T) used in that system. The same marking is usually stamped on the plug of the lock on the right hand side. Keys with a key profile that do not match the plug will generally not fit that plug.

The first line of text stamped on the key (from the top of the key) is System Number EG ''DDHA059'' and denotes for which system it is, ie, a master key and an operational key for the same system will both have the same system number.

The second line of the key contains the key number (Ie A1, MK) and the issue number (Ie 0001 for the first key issued)<ref>http://ddhardware.com.au/Restricted_Keying.php Restricted Key Identification</ref>

== Disassembly instructions ==

The Twin is disassembled in the same way as a traditional pin-tumbler cylinder. The sidebar does not cause too many problems when the plug is removed. When the key is removed from the exposed plug the finger pins will be forced out by spring pressure.

{{Pin-tumbler standard disassembly}}

== Vulnerabilities ==

The Lockwood Twin system may be vulnerable to one or more of the following:

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Decoding]]
* [[Bumping|Key bumping]]

The Lockwood Twin can be picked in much the same way as any other lock of it's style. The conventional pins (The 6 pin tumblers) pick with relative ease, especially considering the excessive master keying usually applied to these systems. When the conventional pins have been picked the lock turns about 1/8th turn, and the sidebar pins must then be picked, which is generally fairly straightforward given an idea of what the key looks like, and if no success is had it's possible to rotate the plug back just enough to reset the sidebar pins, but not the top pins.

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Lockwood]]
* [[ASSA Twin 6000]]
* [[Sidebar]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]

[[Category:Lockwood]]
[[Category:Australian Locks]]
[[Category:Pin-tumbler locks]]
[[Category:Sidebar locks]]

User:Nickinator

2014-07-02T04:20:16Z

Nickinator: Removed name in a vein attempt at going back and re-gaining internet privacy.

[http://www.nickinator.info/ Nickinator]
Lock picking enthusiast with an interest in all things security.
I've been using LockWiki for a while and anything I can't find here, I research elsewhere then add it to this great resource.

File:KlomPicks.JPG

2011-11-24T01:21:15Z

Nickinator: My big set of Klom picks.

My big set of Klom picks.

GOSO

2011-10-31T04:28:25Z

Nickinator: Added second image

=GOSO=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Img=File:Goso_logo.jpg
|Name=GOSO
|Headquarters=Wenling City, Zhejiang Province (China)
|Founded=1990s
|Products=[[Picks]], [[Decoding|Decoders]], [[Plug spinner]]s, [[Bypass|Bypass tools]]
}}

'''GOSO''' is the name for Hsiendai Co., Ltd's range of [[lockpicking]] tools. Their product line includes tools for [[pin tumbler]], [[wafer]], [[dimple|dimple lock]] and [[lever|lever locks]]. GOSO tools are sold through various outlets as well as directly from the manufacturer.

__TOC__
<br clear=all>

== Gallery ==
<div align="center"><gallery>
File:Goso_lockpicks.jpg|Goso 7 Piece Set
File:Goso_Pick_24_Piece.jpg|Goso 24 Piece Set
</gallery></div>

== External links ==
* [http://www.gosolockpicks.com GOSO Lockpicks homepage (English)]

== See also ==
* [[Picks]]
* [[Lockpicking]]

[[Category:Locksmithing tool manufacturers]]

File:Goso Pick 24 Piece.jpg

2011-10-31T04:24:15Z

Nickinator: Fixed up details

{{Information
|Description=[[GOSO]] 24 piece [[pin-tumbler]] lockpicking tool set.
|Author=[http://nickinator.info Nickinator]
|Source=Own stock.
|Date=22 Oct 2011
}}
{{cc-by-sa-3.0}}

File:Goso Pick 24 Piece.jpg

2011-10-31T04:17:08Z

Nickinator:

{{Information
|Description=[[GOSO]] 24 piece [[pin-tumbler]] lockpicking tool set.
|Author=[[User:Nickinator]]
|Source=Own stock.
|Date=22 Oct 2011
}}
{{cc-by-sa-3.0}}

File:Electronic safe internals.JPG

2011-10-29T22:49:20Z

Nickinator:

{{Information
|Description=The internal components of a cheap Electronic Safe, showing the rest cam lock, solenoid, main board and rear of handle.
|Source=Own work.
|Author=[http://nickinator.info Nickinator]
|Date= 30 October 2011
|Permission=Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. For attribution, please link back to this site (lockwiki.com).
}}
{{cc-by-3.0}}

Electronic lock

2011-10-29T09:33:26Z

Nickinator: Added photo and a bit of info on electronic keying systems and electronic safes.

=Electronic Locks=

An '''electronic lock''' (or '''digital lock''', '''electric lock''') is a form of [[Lock|lock]] that uses electricity as an integral component in the locking and unlocking of the lock. Many electronic locks does not use [[Key|keys]] and are instead [[Combination|combination]] based.

'''Electromechanical locks''' use both electronic and mechanical locking components.

Add to me!

__NOTOC__

== History ==

Add to me!

== Principles of Operation ==
[[Image:Electronic_safe_internals.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Locking mechanism and main board of an electronic safe.]]

Electronic locks function in various different ways, but most use an electronic solenoid to prevent entry, and to allow entry when required.

Locks such as the [[Cyberlock|Videx Cyberlock]] and the [[ASSA]] [[QLIQ]] employ a digital communication between the lock cylinder and the key, if authenticated the solenoid retracts, allowing the plug to turn in the lock.

Electronic Safes function in much the same way, a keypad or human interface device sends the entered code to the mainboard, which compares the entered combination with the combination stored on the EPPROM, if it is, the mainboard applies current to the solenoid, causing the bolt that lies in it to retract allowing the locking bolt to be retracted.

== See also ==

* [[Lock]]
* [[Key]]
* [[Combination]]

[[Category:Locks]]
[[Category:Electronic locks| ]]
[[Category:Electromechanical locks| ]]

{{Stub}}

Safe

2011-10-29T09:05:19Z

Nickinator: /* History */ Added info on electronic locking mechanisms.

=Safe=

[[Image:Safe_St_Fagans.JPG|thumb|250px|right|text-top|Safe from the Museum of Welsh Life (Cardiff, Wales)]]

A '''safe''' (or '''coffer''', '''strongbox''') is a [[Lock|lockable]] enclosure used for storing valuables against theft or damage. Safes provide burglary or environmental protection but rarely excel in both. Likewise, the [[Security_Ratings|security rating]] of a safe is divided between burglary and environmental protection categories.

Vaults and strongrooms are essentially large safes, though their construction and security needs are different.

__TOC__

==History==

[[Image:Carved_Oak_Chest.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Renaissance era oak safe.]]

Safes have existed in various forms for thousands of years. As with locks, it wasn't until the late 1700s that security became the primary concern. Prior to this, the design and manufacturing of a safe was, for the most part, an artistic endeavor. The history of safes and their advancement closely parallels advances in metallurgy and the design of locks.

Ancient and medieval safes were built of wooden chests, with later versions bound by iron bands. These early safes were mostly artistic, often having detailed carvings and precious materials inlaid on their surfaces. Many safes of this era were markedly complex, with some having several dozen locking bolts. Despite their complexity, most could be easily [[Lockpicking|picked]] or [[Destructive_Entry|forced]] open.

[[Image:Lockwiki_Safe_antique.jpg|right|thumb|200px|17th century German safe; complex bolt mechanism.]]

As safes became heavier and more complex, the upward opening chest model became too difficult to open and close. Safes transitioned to outward swinging doors mounted to the side of the container. Safes began to use to full metal bodies, first with iron and then steel. Safes became wood completely encased in metal sheets that were riveted together, then full metal safes that were poured or molded to shape.

The refinement of metallurgy techniques led to the combination of additional metals with steel. These combinations strengthened the steel in many ways. Copper, for example, can be used to provide heat transfer or corrosion resistance. In the early 1800s, fire-resistant safes were introduced. Prior to this safes did not protect against fire, and often helped destroy valuables stored within by being made of heat conductive materials. Though a patent was filed by Richard Scott in 1801 for fire-proofing a safe, it does not appear that it was put to use.

[[Image:Electronic_safe_internals.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Locking mechanism and main board of an electronic safe.]]

Many modern safes use electronics rather than a lock or dial, to lower manufacturing costs and prevent, however they often include a manual lock as a reset function. They function in the same way as standard safes, but use an electronic solenoid to prevent the bolt from retracting.



== Burglary Safes ==

Burglary safes are designed to protect against various forms of [[safecracking]], particularly [[destructive entry]] in the form of explosives and drilling, and non-destructive manipulation techniques such as [[lockpicking]], [[impressioning]], and [[decoding]]. The level of security offered by a burglary safe depends on the types of attacks it is designed to withstand and the duration it is expected to provide security. Burglary safes typically resist attack for as little as 5 minutes and up to 20 hours or more.

Burglary safes are commonly bolted down, built into a wall or floor, or surrounded by concrete to prevent physical removal of the safe, a historically popular technique.

== Fire Safes ==



A fire-resistant safe is is designed to protect contents from high temperatures or actual fire. Fire resistant safes are usually rated by the amount of time they can withstand extreme temperatures while not exceeding a set internal temperature. Models are typically available that resist heat between half-hour and four-hour durations.

In the USA, Both the standards writing and testing of fire-resistant safes is performed by Underwriters Laboratories.

<br clear=all>

==Vaults and Strongrooms==

NEED NEW INFO!

== Compromise of Safes ==

:''See [[Safecracking]].''

==See also==
* [[Safecracking]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Key]]
* [[Security_Ratings|Security Ratings]]

{{Stub}}

[[Category:Safes]]

File:Electronic safe internals.JPG

2011-10-29T08:59:19Z

Nickinator: The internal components of a cheap Electronic Safe, showing the rest cam lock, solenoid, main board and rear of handle.

The internal components of a cheap Electronic Safe, showing the rest cam lock, solenoid, main board and rear of handle.

Impressioning

2011-10-23T01:08:39Z

Nickinator: /* Tools Used */ Mentioned full frequency light sources

=Impressioning=

[[Image:Impressioning_clay.png|thumb|350px|right|text-top|An impression taken using clay.]]

'''Impressioning''' is a [[Non-destructive_Entry|non-destructive]], [[Covert_Entry|covert]] method of creating a working [[Key|key]] for a [[Lock|lock]] without picking or disassembly. Impressioning is one of the most useful skills in [[Locksmithing|locksmithing]], and is divided between copying and manipulation techniques. Copying focuses on making negative-image molds of a source key, while manipulation uses various techniques to determine the proper heights of internal components. Impressioning via manipulation is closely related to [[Decoding|decoding]].

Impressioning has been long used to obtain a working key for a lock by locksmiths, [[Locksport|locksport]] enthusiasts, and criminals. Many high profile crimes have been accomplished through the use of impressioning techniques. Techniques of impressioning have been applied to [[Forensics|forensic]] investigations to aid in serial number recovery and tool mark identification.

__TOC__

==History==

Add to me!

==Key-based (copying) Impressioning==

[[File:Impressioning_Abloy_Protec_comp.jpg|thumb|300px|right|text-top|An [[Abloy Protec]] key cast in epoxy.]]

Key-based (copying) impressioning focuses on obtaining a key for a lock to duplicate it. First, a negative-image of the key is created in a soft material, usually clay or silicone. Second, a duplicate key is cast using the negative-image. The casted key can be used to open the lock or duplicated further into a stronger material.

Time required for key-based impressioning depends on the material used to create both negative-image and casted key. Silicone impressioning generally takes longer, but has the ability to duplicate complex keys and re-use the negative-image for multiple castings.

===Clay===

The general process for clay impressioning:

* Obtain source key
* Place clay in a mold
* Lubricate the clay
* Source key is placed flat against the clay and pushed in halfway
* Mold is closed firmly, impressioning the second half of the key
* Mold is opened, and key is removed
* Air funnels are created; allows heat to escape during casting
* Lubricate the clay again (allows duplicate key to be easily removed)
* Casting material is prepared
* Mold is firmly closed, casting material poured into the mold
* Mold is opened, cast key removed
* Excess material is removed from duplicate key

Removal of the source key is the most problematic step. Removal is done with a straight-up movement of the hand. Twisting or wiggling can deform the negative-image enough to prevent the key from being inserted into the lock or correctly aligning components. Once the key is removed the negative image should be inspected for any deformation or air bubbles that may affect the duplicate key.

Once the duplicate key is created it will need to have excess material removed, and possibly filed to properly align components. Visual comparison with the source key can be used for this, though micrometers are common.

===Silicone===

The general process for silicone impressioning:

* Lubricate the source key
* Place source key into mold, suspended via wire
* Pour silicone into the mold
* Remove source key once silicone has solidified
* Casting material is prepared
* Casting material is poured into mold
* Cast key is removed
* Excess material is removed from duplicate key

Silicone impressioning is slower but more efficient than clay. Removal of the source key is simplified and the duplicate key usually does not need to be modified.

===Tools Used===

:; Casting Material
:: The material used to cast a working key once the negative-image is produced. Usually a low melting point metal, epoxy, or silicone.

:; Impressioning Material
:: The material that the negative-image is produced on or in. Usually wax, clay, or silicone.

:; Knife
:: Used to remove excess material displaced by the source key. Also used to provide a heat escape in the impressioning agent once the negative-image is produced.

:; Lubricant
:: Used to prevent the source key from sticking to the material and deforming the negative-image when the key is removed. Talcum powder, WD-40, cooking spray (e.g. Pam, Crisco), or silicon spray are most common.

:; Mold
:: A container used to hold the impressioning agent, generally a square or rectangular box with one side removed. Often referred to as a "clam shell" or "clam kit." With silicone impressioning, the mold is a small tube, such as a film container.

:; Paintbrush
:: Used to apply lubricant to the material.

:; Source Key
:: The original key that we are duplicating.

==Manipulation-based Impressioning==

All non-copying impressioning techniques rely on the ability to [[Binding|bind]] internal components until they are in the correct position. In modern use, components are bound and impressioned against a blank key to produce marks that indicate their positions are incorrect. Once the component is properly aligned it should no longer bind or produce marks. The process varies slightly depending on the lock design and included high-security mechanisms.

In [[Warded|warded]] locks, an impression is taken of the wards directly.

The general process is:
* A proper key blank is obtained.
* The blank is prepared to enhance markings.
* The key is inserted, components are bound, and key manipulated to produce markings on the blank.
* Markings are interpretted and material removed from the key where binding is suspected.
* The process repeats until all components are in the proper positions and the lock opens.

===Blank Key Selection===

The blank key selected for impressioning must match the lock specifications exactly. This includes the keyway, component count and spacing, and any additional security features. Failure to select the proper blank may prevent it from being inserted, able to receive markings, or able to open the lock due to additional security features.

The material of the key selected is important; stronger metals, such as nickel-silver or steel, should be dismissed in favor of softer brass, aluminum, or lead based keys. The softer material makes it easier to produce and analyze markings, but the material must be strong enough to withstand torque applied during the impressioning process. Various proprietary key designs exist to enhance markings while maintaining strength.

===Blank Preparation===
Preparing the blank key is meant to enhance the marks left by components. To begin, the blank may be lightly filed to produce a smooth, uniform surface. Care is taken to ensure that filing does not exceed the first depth of the key at any point before the impressioning process begins. The bitting surface may be filed to a knife edge to thin the bitting material, making it easier to produce impressions.

With [[Lever|lever]] or [[Warded|warded]] locks, the blank may be coated with something to make identifying marks easier. Traditionally wax or carbon was used to coat the bitting surface. This is still popular in modern use, but other materials, such as paint, are acceptable. The practice of using carbon is known as smoking the key blank.

The key blank may also be modified to allow for enhanced movement within the lock, such as thinning of the blade or removal of material from the shoulder or tip.

===Obtaining Marks===
The key is inserted into the lock. A gripping tool may be used hold the blank to increase control, feedback, and decrease discomfort to the user. Proprietary clamping tools are available, but 4"/6" vice grips are commonly used. Once inserted, torque is applied to bind components. Technically, too much torque is impossible provided the key blank withstands it and can be moved to produce marks.

During the process of obtaining marks torque must be reset after each sample is taken. Failure to do so may leave components bound in incorrect locations and produce inconsistent markings. While obtaining marks, it is often helpful to perform the technique multiple times before releasing torque.

Techniques include:

:; Pulling
:: The blank is withdrawn slightly to cause components to drag across the bitting surface. Care must be taken to withdraw the blank minimally (about 1/16") as components may mark at incorrect positions or affect the depths of other components. Failure to release torque before removing the blank may cause extreme drags across the blank, rendering it useless. Special gripping tools are available to withdraw the key slightly, but can be done with vice grips and a screwdriver.

:; Rocking
:: The key is lifted at both the tip and shoulder in various orientations to obtain marks. Rocking encompasses clockwise and counterclockwise torque, as well as different orientations of the tip (up-left, up-right) and shoulder (down-left, down-right). Failure to reset torque between orientations will often cause erratic markings.

:; Striking
:: A light strike from a rubber mallet to top and bottom of the bow, causing it to lightly bounce up or down against binding components. A screwdriver or allen wrench to provide torque through the bow of the key is recommended because holding it tends to inhibit movement.

===Interpreting and Filing Marks===

[[Image:Impressioning_UV_light.jpg|thumb|225px|A key being viewed through UV light to identify markings.]]

After obtaining marks the key is inspected. Visual aids may be used, such as a magnifying glass, colored/UV lights, or a microscope. The marks left will be different based on the technique, lock type, and component specifics. Pin tumbler locks usually leave small circular marks in the center of the bitting, whereas wafer locks leave rectangular marks at the edges of the bitting. 

Once a mark is identified it can be cut. If the key specifics are known the key may be cut to the next possible depth. More commonly, a hand file is used to remove material in small amounts. Care is taken to properly space and angle cuts. Once the cut is made the key surface may be dulled again to improve future markings.

===Final Steps===
When a component reaches the correct height it will not bind against the plug, and no longer leave marks on the blank. Once all components are positioned correctly the lock will open.

At this point, the key can be cleaned up by carefully sloping edges and taking off any sharp points. Sometimes a micrometer will be taken to the key and cuts will be rounded to the nearest known factory cut to produce a key by code.

Keys which have been used in impressioning are typically not used long, because they become exceptionally weak from being bound in the cylinder repeatedly.

===Tools Used===

:; Blank Key
:: Used to receive markings from binding components, eventually becoming a working key for the lock.

:; Files
:: Used to remove bitting material from the blank where marks are identified. Most commonly used are 6" Pippin #4 file, 6" Round file, and various warding files.

:; Gripping Aid
:: Used to increase control and feedback of the blank as well as decrease discomfort to the user. Vice grips are common, and many commercial tools are available.

:; Visual Aid
:: Used to help identify and analyze marks on the blank. Commonly a microscope, loupe, flashlight, UV or full-frequency light source.

== Pressure-responsive Impressioning ==

A key made of or prepared with a pressure-responsive material may be used to automate or aid in the process of manipulation-based impressioning. The main advantage of most pressure-responsive materials is not requiring the key to be filed. Some pressure-responsive techniques eliminate the necessity of requiring a proper key blank, as well. The main disadvantage of pressure-responsive impressioning is that most materials have difficulty retaining the shape of the correct key once the lock is opened. Pressure-responsive materials are commonly wax, lead, foil, plastic, or elastic tape.

=== Composite Keys ===

Custom keys are available that replace the bitting surface with soft materials, such as lead. This makes the marks made by impressioning extremely easy to identify, but care must be taken not to distort the bitting when inserting or removing the blank from the lock. Filing is still required using this type of material.

=== Tapes ===

Against [[Dimple|dimple]] locks, various types of tape along with a [[Bumping|bump]] key are used. The key is cut to the lowest depth positions (potentially lower, depending on tape thickness) and tape placed across the bitting surface. When placed in the lock, torque is applied and the key is gently rocked against the pins. The tape conforms to the position of components as binding pushes the tape deeper. Eventually, all components are in the correct position and the lock opens.

=== Foils/Metals ===

Foil and metal tape may also be used for other types of locks, namely [[Pin_tumbler|pin-tumblers]]. Kits are available that include custom tools that have gaps with proper spacing and depth requirements for the lock. The foil is wrapped around the tool and the tool is gently rocked against components. Like the dimple method, the foil conforms to the proper alignment as binding components align themselves.

=== Plastics ===

Against [[Axial|axial/tubular]] or [[Disc_detainer|disc-detainer]] locks, various types of plastics (commonly flexible pen tubing) may be used.

==See Also==
* [[Binding]]
* [[Decoding]]
* [[Lockpicking]]

[[Category:Lockpicking]][[Category:Covert Entry]][[Category:Impressioning]]

Key retaining

2011-10-23T00:46:38Z

Nickinator: /* Key retaining locks */ Added a tidbit on why such locks retain keys.

= Key retaining locks =

A '''key retaining''' lock is a lock design in which the [[key]] cannot be removed from the [[lock]] without the lock being returned to the locked state. This is most often used on [[padlock]]s to require that the [[Bolt|shackle]] be closed before the key can be removed.

In key-retaining padlocks, the movement of the [[plug]] and [[cam]] to release the shackle forces in ball bearings that hold the cam in place until the shackle is returned to the locked position. This can be seen as a security measure but it also prevents the lock from being lost or stolen, or snapped shut behind someone.

== See also ==

* [[Key]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Padlock]]

[[Category:Keys]]
[[Category:Locks]]

{{Stub}}

Relocker

2011-10-22T13:56:27Z

Nickinator: Created the page (okay, inspired by Mythbusters but what the heck) and added all the info I could find on the first few pages on Google and from that Mytbusters episode.

A relocking device is a system put in place to identify attacks and secure the safe accordingly.

==Glass Relocker==
The glass relocker is commonly a sheet of tempered glass that sits inside the safe-side of the safe door that holds out spring loaded bolts, if broken (by forced attack such as drilling or explosives) the glass breaks, allowing the bolts to spring into the locked position preventing the safe from being opened even with the correct combination.

Care must be taken when moving safes with a glass relocker, as even the slightest bump could cause the relocker to lock.

==Thermal Relocker==
Some safes are fitted with a thermal relocker to lock the safe should an attacker attempt to open it with a thermal lance or torch, if the thermal relocker reaches a set temperature, it will allow the bolts to slide into the locked position.

Generally these use a "Fusible Link" - two piece of metal soldered together with a metal of a set melting point, causing them to separate at a set temperature.

Safecracking

2011-10-22T13:37:05Z

Nickinator: /* Explosives */ Added link on Relocker

= Safecracking =

[[Image:Safe_dial_drilled.jpg|thumb|text-top|right|250px|A safe that has been cracked via [[Destructive_Entry|drilling]].]]

'''Safecracking''' is the art of opening a [[Safe|safe]] without the proper [[Key|key]] or [[Combination|combination]]. The process may be either non-destructive or [[Destructive_Entry|destructive]] depending on the techniques used. While commonly associated with combination safes, non-destructive safecracking includes non-combination locks, as well. Safecracking is frequently used by [[Locksmithing|locksmiths]], safe technicians, and [[Locksport|locksport]] enthusiasts.

Like lockpicking tools, the legality of owning, making, or selling safecracking tools varies by country, state, and province. Please see [[Legal_Issues|legal issues]] for more information.

__TOC__

== History ==

Add to me!

== Non-Destructive Safecracking ==

Most non-destructive safecracking focuses on defeating the [[Lock|lock]] on the safe, either through manipulation or [[Bypass|bypass]]. Manipulation may take the form of lockpicking, impressioning, or decoding. Because of the popularity of combination locks, manipulation is most commonly associated with [[Decoding|decoding]] of the combination through touch and sound.

=== Manipulation ===

:''See also [[Lockpicking]], [[Impressioning]], [[Decoding]], and [[Bypass]].''

Manipulation of combination safes involves using sight, touch, and (to a lesser extent) hearing to determine the correct combination to open the safe. The process involves diagnostic tests using the safe dial to assess the correct position of each wheel within the lock. Because manipulation simulates the normal action of the combination lock it is considered [[Surreptitious_Entry|surreptitious entry]].

Add to me!

=== Auto-dialers ===

Auto-dialers (or robot dialers) are computer controlled machines that brute-force the combination of a safe. Auto-dialers may either test the entire set of possible combinations or take into account the tolerances of the lock to reduce the search space dramatically. Auto dialers may also test factory default or predictable combinations given the model of the lock and personal information of the owner(s). Auto-dialers are generally considered surreptitious, but the mounting of the device onto the safe dial may leave [[Forensics|forensic]] evidence.

=== Vibration ===

Vibration is applied to the dial of a combination lock to force the wheel gates to slowly rotate to the proper position. This occurs because of the weight difference between the wheel and the gate. Vibration quickly became problematic on military naval vessels where vibration was a natural part of the environment. Most modern combination safes are now designed so that wheels are properly weighted to prevent this attack.

=== Radiological ===

Radiological safecracking focuses on using special tools and devices to view the safe in various methods not normally discernable by the human eye. Radiological attacks are generally [[Surreptitious_Entry|surreptitious]] unless easily detectable forensic evidence is left behind.

Penetrating radiation (beta ray, gamma ray, neutron beam, ultrasound, X-ray) is used to reveal the correct positions of internal components. This approach is most commonly used to find the correct position of wheels in a combination lock. Wheel made of low density materials, such as nylon or polyoxymethylene (Delrin), are used to frustrate this kind of attack.

Thermal and ultra-violet imaging is used against push-button or keypad based combination safes to reveal heat/UV residue on points recently touched by an authorized user. While this technique may not directly reveal the combination, it can drastically reduce the search space to a handful of potential combinations.

== Destructive Safecracking ==

:''Also see [[Destructive_Entry|Destructive Entry]]

===Drilling===

Drilling is the most common method of destructive safecracking. In drilling, one or more holes is drilled into the safe in order to destroy the locking bolt, the lock cylinder, or allow viewing of internal components to aid in lockpicking or decoding of the lock components.

The addition of [[Relocker|Glass Relockers]] in some high security safes prevents drilling attacks, the relocker is a device (in the case of drilling protection it is usually glass) if triggered prevents the safe from being opened even if the correct code is entered.

===Explosives===

Explosives are used to damage or remove hardplate material, locks, [[relocker|relockers]], bolts, and door hinges. Explosives are historically popular but use has dwindled with time as more advanced relocking mechanisms have become commonplace on high-security safes, limiting the effectiveness of targetted explosives. Modern explosives are still capable of compromising any safe, but are not as widely used because of the possibility of physical injury and collateral damage. The popularity and effectiveness of drilling techniques have also helped to reduce the use of explosives.

===Impact===

Impact may be used to fracture or destroy the safe's barrier material or locking mechanism in a variety of ways.

* Dropping the safe from a high altitude.
* In combination safes, the dial is removed and the dial spindle is impacted to cause the wheel pack to break through the casing. Most modern safes have a default relocker to prevent this.
* Repeated impact to the locking bolt causing it to deform, shear, or weaken.

=== Sawing, Cutting, and Grinding ===

A high speed grinder, saw, or similar tool is used to cut through barrier material, hinges, or, if exposed, the locking bolt. Like drilling, these methods are particularly effective against safes that are not classified as burglary resistant.

=== Peeling ===

An axe is used to break into the barrier material and a crowbar or similar tool is used to peel the barrier material away. This technique is rarely effective against modern safes and is extremely time and labor intensive.

=== Prying ===

A crowbar or similar tool is used to pry apart the door or side of the safe. Unlike peeling, prying actually tears the safe open, rather than peeling off barrier materials. This attack is also time and labor intensive, but is somewhat more effective than peeling against modern safes.

== Safecracking in the Media ==

Safecracking is frequently portrayed in television shows, films, and literature. As with lockpicking, the tools or techniques used are often inaccurate. Namely, the use of a stethoscope, or counting the number of clicks made by dial rotation.

Television:
* Mythbusters

Films:

* Bad Santa
* Blue Streak
* Brainiac
* Die Hard
* Heat
* Hudson Hawk
* Killing Zoe
* Ocean's Eleven
* On Her Majesty's Secret Service
* Safe Men
* Short Circuit 2
* Small Time Crooks
* The Bank Job
* The Italian Job
* The Ladykillers
* The Newton Boys
* The Score
* The Town
* Thief
* Thunderbolt and Lightfoot
* Vabank
* You Only Live Twice

Literature:
* [http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/o_henry/106/ A Retrieved Reformation]. O. Henry (1909)
* Stephenson, Neal (1999). ''Cryptonomicon''. ISBN 0380788624.
* Hamilton, Steve (2009). ''The Lock Artist''. ISBN 0312696957.

== Safecracking in the News ==

* WIRED Magazine, ''The Untold Story of the World's Biggest Diamond Heist''. [http://www.wired.com/politics/law/magazine/17-04/ff_diamonds 1]

== See also ==

* [[Safe]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Surreptitious_Entry|Surreptitious Entry]]
* [[Destructive_Entry|Destructive Entry]]

[[Category:Surreptitious_Entry]]
[[Category:Destructive_Entry]]
[[Category:Safecracking]]

Safecracking

2011-10-22T13:36:21Z

Nickinator: /* Drilling */ Changed it to being just "relocker" rather than glass relocker.

= Safecracking =

[[Image:Safe_dial_drilled.jpg|thumb|text-top|right|250px|A safe that has been cracked via [[Destructive_Entry|drilling]].]]

'''Safecracking''' is the art of opening a [[Safe|safe]] without the proper [[Key|key]] or [[Combination|combination]]. The process may be either non-destructive or [[Destructive_Entry|destructive]] depending on the techniques used. While commonly associated with combination safes, non-destructive safecracking includes non-combination locks, as well. Safecracking is frequently used by [[Locksmithing|locksmiths]], safe technicians, and [[Locksport|locksport]] enthusiasts.

Like lockpicking tools, the legality of owning, making, or selling safecracking tools varies by country, state, and province. Please see [[Legal_Issues|legal issues]] for more information.

__TOC__

== History ==

Add to me!

== Non-Destructive Safecracking ==

Most non-destructive safecracking focuses on defeating the [[Lock|lock]] on the safe, either through manipulation or [[Bypass|bypass]]. Manipulation may take the form of lockpicking, impressioning, or decoding. Because of the popularity of combination locks, manipulation is most commonly associated with [[Decoding|decoding]] of the combination through touch and sound.

=== Manipulation ===

:''See also [[Lockpicking]], [[Impressioning]], [[Decoding]], and [[Bypass]].''

Manipulation of combination safes involves using sight, touch, and (to a lesser extent) hearing to determine the correct combination to open the safe. The process involves diagnostic tests using the safe dial to assess the correct position of each wheel within the lock. Because manipulation simulates the normal action of the combination lock it is considered [[Surreptitious_Entry|surreptitious entry]].

Add to me!

=== Auto-dialers ===

Auto-dialers (or robot dialers) are computer controlled machines that brute-force the combination of a safe. Auto-dialers may either test the entire set of possible combinations or take into account the tolerances of the lock to reduce the search space dramatically. Auto dialers may also test factory default or predictable combinations given the model of the lock and personal information of the owner(s). Auto-dialers are generally considered surreptitious, but the mounting of the device onto the safe dial may leave [[Forensics|forensic]] evidence.

=== Vibration ===

Vibration is applied to the dial of a combination lock to force the wheel gates to slowly rotate to the proper position. This occurs because of the weight difference between the wheel and the gate. Vibration quickly became problematic on military naval vessels where vibration was a natural part of the environment. Most modern combination safes are now designed so that wheels are properly weighted to prevent this attack.

=== Radiological ===

Radiological safecracking focuses on using special tools and devices to view the safe in various methods not normally discernable by the human eye. Radiological attacks are generally [[Surreptitious_Entry|surreptitious]] unless easily detectable forensic evidence is left behind.

Penetrating radiation (beta ray, gamma ray, neutron beam, ultrasound, X-ray) is used to reveal the correct positions of internal components. This approach is most commonly used to find the correct position of wheels in a combination lock. Wheel made of low density materials, such as nylon or polyoxymethylene (Delrin), are used to frustrate this kind of attack.

Thermal and ultra-violet imaging is used against push-button or keypad based combination safes to reveal heat/UV residue on points recently touched by an authorized user. While this technique may not directly reveal the combination, it can drastically reduce the search space to a handful of potential combinations.

== Destructive Safecracking ==

:''Also see [[Destructive_Entry|Destructive Entry]]

===Drilling===

Drilling is the most common method of destructive safecracking. In drilling, one or more holes is drilled into the safe in order to destroy the locking bolt, the lock cylinder, or allow viewing of internal components to aid in lockpicking or decoding of the lock components.

The addition of [[Relocker|Glass Relockers]] in some high security safes prevents drilling attacks, the relocker is a device (in the case of drilling protection it is usually glass) if triggered prevents the safe from being opened even if the correct code is entered.

===Explosives===

Explosives are used to damage or remove hardplate material, locks, relockers, bolts, and door hinges. Explosives are historically popular but use has dwindled with time as more advanced relocking mechanisms have become commonplace on high-security safes, limiting the effectiveness of targetted explosives. Modern explosives are still capable of compromising any safe, but are not as widely used because of the possibility of physical injury and collateral damage. The popularity and effectiveness of drilling techniques have also helped to reduce the use of explosives.

===Impact===

Impact may be used to fracture or destroy the safe's barrier material or locking mechanism in a variety of ways.

* Dropping the safe from a high altitude.
* In combination safes, the dial is removed and the dial spindle is impacted to cause the wheel pack to break through the casing. Most modern safes have a default relocker to prevent this.
* Repeated impact to the locking bolt causing it to deform, shear, or weaken.

=== Sawing, Cutting, and Grinding ===

A high speed grinder, saw, or similar tool is used to cut through barrier material, hinges, or, if exposed, the locking bolt. Like drilling, these methods are particularly effective against safes that are not classified as burglary resistant.

=== Peeling ===

An axe is used to break into the barrier material and a crowbar or similar tool is used to peel the barrier material away. This technique is rarely effective against modern safes and is extremely time and labor intensive.

=== Prying ===

A crowbar or similar tool is used to pry apart the door or side of the safe. Unlike peeling, prying actually tears the safe open, rather than peeling off barrier materials. This attack is also time and labor intensive, but is somewhat more effective than peeling against modern safes.

== Safecracking in the Media ==

Safecracking is frequently portrayed in television shows, films, and literature. As with lockpicking, the tools or techniques used are often inaccurate. Namely, the use of a stethoscope, or counting the number of clicks made by dial rotation.

Television:
* Mythbusters

Films:

* Bad Santa
* Blue Streak
* Brainiac
* Die Hard
* Heat
* Hudson Hawk
* Killing Zoe
* Ocean's Eleven
* On Her Majesty's Secret Service
* Safe Men
* Short Circuit 2
* Small Time Crooks
* The Bank Job
* The Italian Job
* The Ladykillers
* The Newton Boys
* The Score
* The Town
* Thief
* Thunderbolt and Lightfoot
* Vabank
* You Only Live Twice

Literature:
* [http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/o_henry/106/ A Retrieved Reformation]. O. Henry (1909)
* Stephenson, Neal (1999). ''Cryptonomicon''. ISBN 0380788624.
* Hamilton, Steve (2009). ''The Lock Artist''. ISBN 0312696957.

== Safecracking in the News ==

* WIRED Magazine, ''The Untold Story of the World's Biggest Diamond Heist''. [http://www.wired.com/politics/law/magazine/17-04/ff_diamonds 1]

== See also ==

* [[Safe]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Surreptitious_Entry|Surreptitious Entry]]
* [[Destructive_Entry|Destructive Entry]]

[[Category:Surreptitious_Entry]]
[[Category:Destructive_Entry]]
[[Category:Safecracking]]

Safecracking

2011-10-22T13:30:36Z

Nickinator: /* Drilling */ Added some info on Glass Relockers

= Safecracking =

[[Image:Safe_dial_drilled.jpg|thumb|text-top|right|250px|A safe that has been cracked via [[Destructive_Entry|drilling]].]]

'''Safecracking''' is the art of opening a [[Safe|safe]] without the proper [[Key|key]] or [[Combination|combination]]. The process may be either non-destructive or [[Destructive_Entry|destructive]] depending on the techniques used. While commonly associated with combination safes, non-destructive safecracking includes non-combination locks, as well. Safecracking is frequently used by [[Locksmithing|locksmiths]], safe technicians, and [[Locksport|locksport]] enthusiasts.

Like lockpicking tools, the legality of owning, making, or selling safecracking tools varies by country, state, and province. Please see [[Legal_Issues|legal issues]] for more information.

__TOC__

== History ==

Add to me!

== Non-Destructive Safecracking ==

Most non-destructive safecracking focuses on defeating the [[Lock|lock]] on the safe, either through manipulation or [[Bypass|bypass]]. Manipulation may take the form of lockpicking, impressioning, or decoding. Because of the popularity of combination locks, manipulation is most commonly associated with [[Decoding|decoding]] of the combination through touch and sound.

=== Manipulation ===

:''See also [[Lockpicking]], [[Impressioning]], [[Decoding]], and [[Bypass]].''

Manipulation of combination safes involves using sight, touch, and (to a lesser extent) hearing to determine the correct combination to open the safe. The process involves diagnostic tests using the safe dial to assess the correct position of each wheel within the lock. Because manipulation simulates the normal action of the combination lock it is considered [[Surreptitious_Entry|surreptitious entry]].

Add to me!

=== Auto-dialers ===

Auto-dialers (or robot dialers) are computer controlled machines that brute-force the combination of a safe. Auto-dialers may either test the entire set of possible combinations or take into account the tolerances of the lock to reduce the search space dramatically. Auto dialers may also test factory default or predictable combinations given the model of the lock and personal information of the owner(s). Auto-dialers are generally considered surreptitious, but the mounting of the device onto the safe dial may leave [[Forensics|forensic]] evidence.

=== Vibration ===

Vibration is applied to the dial of a combination lock to force the wheel gates to slowly rotate to the proper position. This occurs because of the weight difference between the wheel and the gate. Vibration quickly became problematic on military naval vessels where vibration was a natural part of the environment. Most modern combination safes are now designed so that wheels are properly weighted to prevent this attack.

=== Radiological ===

Radiological safecracking focuses on using special tools and devices to view the safe in various methods not normally discernable by the human eye. Radiological attacks are generally [[Surreptitious_Entry|surreptitious]] unless easily detectable forensic evidence is left behind.

Penetrating radiation (beta ray, gamma ray, neutron beam, ultrasound, X-ray) is used to reveal the correct positions of internal components. This approach is most commonly used to find the correct position of wheels in a combination lock. Wheel made of low density materials, such as nylon or polyoxymethylene (Delrin), are used to frustrate this kind of attack.

Thermal and ultra-violet imaging is used against push-button or keypad based combination safes to reveal heat/UV residue on points recently touched by an authorized user. While this technique may not directly reveal the combination, it can drastically reduce the search space to a handful of potential combinations.

== Destructive Safecracking ==

:''Also see [[Destructive_Entry|Destructive Entry]]

===Drilling===

Drilling is the most common method of destructive safecracking. In drilling, one or more holes is drilled into the safe in order to destroy the locking bolt, the lock cylinder, or allow viewing of internal components to aid in lockpicking or decoding of the lock components.

The addition of [[Glass Relocker|Glass Relockers]] in some high security safes prevents drilling attacks, the relocker is a sheet of glass that if shattered prevents the safe from being opened even if the correct code is entered.

===Explosives===

Explosives are used to damage or remove hardplate material, locks, relockers, bolts, and door hinges. Explosives are historically popular but use has dwindled with time as more advanced relocking mechanisms have become commonplace on high-security safes, limiting the effectiveness of targetted explosives. Modern explosives are still capable of compromising any safe, but are not as widely used because of the possibility of physical injury and collateral damage. The popularity and effectiveness of drilling techniques have also helped to reduce the use of explosives.

===Impact===

Impact may be used to fracture or destroy the safe's barrier material or locking mechanism in a variety of ways.

* Dropping the safe from a high altitude.
* In combination safes, the dial is removed and the dial spindle is impacted to cause the wheel pack to break through the casing. Most modern safes have a default relocker to prevent this.
* Repeated impact to the locking bolt causing it to deform, shear, or weaken.

=== Sawing, Cutting, and Grinding ===

A high speed grinder, saw, or similar tool is used to cut through barrier material, hinges, or, if exposed, the locking bolt. Like drilling, these methods are particularly effective against safes that are not classified as burglary resistant.

=== Peeling ===

An axe is used to break into the barrier material and a crowbar or similar tool is used to peel the barrier material away. This technique is rarely effective against modern safes and is extremely time and labor intensive.

=== Prying ===

A crowbar or similar tool is used to pry apart the door or side of the safe. Unlike peeling, prying actually tears the safe open, rather than peeling off barrier materials. This attack is also time and labor intensive, but is somewhat more effective than peeling against modern safes.

== Safecracking in the Media ==

Safecracking is frequently portrayed in television shows, films, and literature. As with lockpicking, the tools or techniques used are often inaccurate. Namely, the use of a stethoscope, or counting the number of clicks made by dial rotation.

Television:
* Mythbusters

Films:

* Bad Santa
* Blue Streak
* Brainiac
* Die Hard
* Heat
* Hudson Hawk
* Killing Zoe
* Ocean's Eleven
* On Her Majesty's Secret Service
* Safe Men
* Short Circuit 2
* Small Time Crooks
* The Bank Job
* The Italian Job
* The Ladykillers
* The Newton Boys
* The Score
* The Town
* Thief
* Thunderbolt and Lightfoot
* Vabank
* You Only Live Twice

Literature:
* [http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/o_henry/106/ A Retrieved Reformation]. O. Henry (1909)
* Stephenson, Neal (1999). ''Cryptonomicon''. ISBN 0380788624.
* Hamilton, Steve (2009). ''The Lock Artist''. ISBN 0312696957.

== Safecracking in the News ==

* WIRED Magazine, ''The Untold Story of the World's Biggest Diamond Heist''. [http://www.wired.com/politics/law/magazine/17-04/ff_diamonds 1]

== See also ==

* [[Safe]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Surreptitious_Entry|Surreptitious Entry]]
* [[Destructive_Entry|Destructive Entry]]

[[Category:Surreptitious_Entry]]
[[Category:Destructive_Entry]]
[[Category:Safecracking]]

File:Goso Pick 24 Piece.jpg

2011-10-22T13:27:08Z

Nickinator: 24 Piece Goso Pick Set

24 Piece Goso Pick Set

User:Nickinator

2011-10-22T11:10:28Z

Nickinator:

[http://www.nickinator.info/ Nickinator] (Aka Nick Jones)
Lock picking enthusiast with an interest in all things security.
I've been using LockWiki for a while and anything I can't find here, I research elsewhere then add it to this great resource.

GOSO

2011-10-22T10:46:17Z

Nickinator: Fixed alt-text

=GOSO=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Img=File:Goso_logo.jpg
|Name=GOSO
|Headquarters=Wenling City, Zhejiang Province (China)
|Founded=1990's
|Products=[[Picks]], [[Decoding|Decoders]], [[Plug_Spinner|Plug Spinners]], [[Bypass|Bypass Tools]]
}}
[[File:DSC01893.JPG|300px|thumb|left|Goso 7 Piece Set]]
GOSO is the name for Hsiendai Co., Ltd's range of [[picks|lock picking]] tools, including tools for standard [[pin tumbler]], [[wafer]], [[dimple|dimple lock]] and [[lever|lever locks]]. The products are sold through various outlets, as well as direct from the manufacturer.

Generally the picks are somewhat low quality (see the small blemishes on the bottom of the left pick in the photo), but serve as cheap picks for standard household and other non [[High security locks|high security locks]].

GOSO

2011-10-22T10:45:36Z

Nickinator: Added a photo, corrected some spelling, added basic info & Logo.

=GOSO=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Img=File:Goso_logo.jpg
|Name=GOSO
|Headquarters=Wenling City, Zhejiang Province (China)
|Founded=1990's
|Products=[[Picks]], [[Decoding|Decoders]], [[Plug_Spinner|Plug Spinners]], [[Bypass|Bypass Tools]]
}}
[[File:DSC01893.JPG|300px|thumb|left|alt text]]
GOSO is the name for Hsiendai Co., Ltd's range of [[picks|lock picking]] tools, including tools for standard [[pin tumbler]], [[wafer]], [[dimple|dimple lock]] and [[lever|lever locks]]. The products are sold through various outlets, as well as direct from the manufacturer.

Generally the picks are somewhat low quality (see the small blemishes on the bottom of the left pick in the photo), but serve as cheap picks for standard household and other non [[High security locks|high security locks]].

File:Goso lockpicks.jpg

2011-10-22T10:42:05Z

Nickinator: Goso Pick Set

Goso Pick Set

File:Goso logo.jpg

2011-10-22T10:15:50Z

Nickinator: Goso Logo (Uploaded with permission)

Goso Logo (Uploaded with permission)

GOSO

2011-10-22T10:13:48Z

Nickinator: Created the page, I'll add photos of my Goso picks.

=GOSO=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=GOSO
|Headquarters=Wenling City, Zhejiang Province (China)
|Founded=1990's
|Products=[[Picks]], [[Decoding|Decoders]], [[Plug_Spinner|Plug Spinners]], [[Bypass|Bypass Tools]]
}}

GOSO is the name for Hsiendai Co., Ltd's range of [[picks|lock picking]] tools, including tools for standard [[pin tumbler]], [[wafer]], [[dimple|dimple lock]] and [[lever|lever locks]]. The products are sold through various outlets, as well as direct from the manufacturer.

Plug spinner

2011-10-22T09:56:50Z

Nickinator: Fixed link to pick gun page and formatting

A plug spinner is a tool used to switch directions of a plug that has been picked in the wrong direction.

==Variants==
; Gun Style
Gun Style Plug spinners visually resemble a [[Pick_Gun|Pick Gun]], but apply high rotational torque rather than a strong snapping action. Their principal of operation involves putting the spinner into the keyway, squeezing a trigger and the plug turns to the opposite direction to which it was picked.

; Manual
Several variants of the manual plug spinner exist, but most revolve around the concept of a tension wrench, with a spring rapped around it with one end of the spring attached to the tension wrench and the other with a small handle, the tension wrench is rotated in the opposite direction to the plug needing to be rotated while holding the small handle connected to the end of the spring in place. The end of the tension tool is placed into the keyway and the other end of it is let go of while the spring side handle remains stationary, causing the spring to retard the tension tool. Various tutorials exist that demonstrate [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_6HhkYzSSw making a plug spinner].

Plug spinner

2011-10-22T09:54:05Z

Nickinator: Added the different types of plug spinner and a link to a YouTube tutorial on making one.

A plug spinner is a tool used to switch directions of a plug that has been picked in the wrong direction.

'''Variants'''
*Gun Style
Gun Style Plug spinners look very similar to [[Pick Guns]], but apply high rotational torque rather than a strong snapping action. Their principal of operation involves putting the spinner into the keyway, squeezing a trigger and the plug turns to the opposite direction to which it was picked.

*Manual
Several variants of the manual plug spinner exist, but most revolve around the concept of a tension wrench, with a spring rapped around it with one end of the spring attached to the tension wrench and the other with a small handle, the tension wrench is rotated in the opposite direction to the plug needing to be rotated while holding the small handle connected to the end of the spring in place. The end of the tension tool is placed into the keyway and the other end of it is let go of while the spring side handle remains stationary, causing the spring to retard the tension tool. Various tutorials exist that demonstrate [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_6HhkYzSSw making a plug spinner].

Plug spinner

2011-10-22T09:40:27Z

Nickinator: Created the page, added the basic information as to what they are and how they work.

A plug spinner is a tool used to switch directions of a plug that has been picked in the wrong direction.

The devices look very similar to [[Pick Guns]], but with a significantly larger needle. Their principal of operation involves squeezing a trigger

Tension

2011-10-22T09:28:18Z

Nickinator: /* See also */ Added link to Plug Spinner

=Torsion/Tension=

[[Image:Tension_tools.jpg|thumb|400px|right|text-top|A variety of [[Pin_tumbler|pin-tumbler]] torsion tools.]]

'''Torsion''' (or '''torque''', '''tension''') is a fundamental [[lockpicking]] principle that allows a [[lock]] to be compromised by exploiting tolerance errors and [[binding]] to defeat each locking component individually. A tool is used to apply torsion to the lock while a [[pick]] properly positions internal components. Once all components are positioned correctly the torsion tool may be used to [[Actuator|actuate]] the locking [[bolt]].

Torsion tools are commonly referred to as tension/torsion bars, tension/torsion wrenches, or torque wrenches. The term ''tension'' is a misnomer since most lockpicking techniques require ''torsion''; rotating lock components until they [[binding|bind]]. Both terms are used but torsion is usually more correct.

The design of torsion tools varies widely, but they are most commonly associated with the L shaped [[Pin_tumbler|pin-tumbler]] torsion tool. Like picking tools, most torsion tools leave [[Forensics|forensic]] evidence in the lock.

__TOC__

== Pin-tumbler/Wafer Torsion Tools ==

[[Image:Tension_tools_flat.JPG|thumb|text-top|right|200px|Normal and serrated versions of flat/Z shape torsion tools.]]

In pin-tumbler, wafer, dimple, and axial locks, torsion is applied to the [[plug]] of the lock by inserting the torsion tool into the keyway.

==== L/Z Tools ====

The most common torsion tools are L (bent) or Z (flat) shapes. Curves, serrations, and other modifications to the tip of the tool help to prevent slippage and enhance feedback.

Both work by being inserted into the top or the bottom of the keyway and supplying light torque. When using these tools, many lockpickers will place their finger or thumb on the plug to increase feedback when pins are set.

==== Hands-free Tools ====

Hands-free tools attach themselves to the lock, but are not as popular because they provide little to no feedback.

* Weighted wrench, a normal L/flat wrench with a weight attached.
* Circular wrench, circular tool attached to the face of the lock with a dial to vary torsion amounts.

==== Misc. Tools ====

* Y/pronged wrench, double sided wrench that grips both sides of the keyway. Popular when working with automobile locks.
* Falle torsion wrench, a double sided wrench that grips the top and bottom of the keyway. Provides strong control over torsion, and is useful for defeating [[security pin]]s.
* "Tulip" wrench, staggered L shape torsion wrench used on tulip style doorknobs.
* "Diamond" wrench, an elongated torsion tool with a half-diamond tip. Used to provide torsion in the center or back of the lock, at the bottom of the keyway.

== Lever Torsion Tools ==

In [[lever]] locks, a tool is inserted through the keyway and torsion is applied directly to the bolt. Lever torsion tools often resemble the tip of a lever key.

== Disc-detainer Torsion Tools ==

In [[Disc_detainer|disc-detainer]] locks, torsion is applied to varying discs in the lock, depending on the specifics of the lock. Locks are categorized as being top (front), bottom (back), or middle torsioned. In a bottom torsioned lock, torsion is applied to the disc at the back of the lock.

== Combination Locks ==

In [[combination]] locks, particularly [[padlock]]s, tension is applied to the wheels or discs by pulling or pushing on the [[shackle]] itself. This is one of the few examples of tension being the correct term to use (as opposed to torsion).

== See also ==

* [[Binding]]
* [[Picks|Pick]]
* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Plug Spinner]]

[[Category:Lockpicking]]

High security locks

2011-10-01T10:32:11Z

Nickinator: Just addd a link to the Key Control page

= High Security Locks =

'''High security locks''' are [[lock]]s that provide increased resistance to compromise. While many vendors market their locks as high security, only those that are given an approriate [[security rating]] (or have withstood a long period of analysis by manufacturers, locksmiths, security researchers, and [[locksport]] enthusiasts) are considered high security. Most high security locks use certain designs or characteristics that improve their ability to resist manipulation and [[forced entry]] for a given amount of time.

The main goal of all high security locks is not to be undefeatable, but instead to make defeat too expensive or time consuming to be feasible.

__TOC__

== High Security Characteristics ==

Most high-security locks have many of the following included in their design to increase security. Many of these characterstics are pre-requisites for various security ratings.

; Restrictive Keyways
: The use of complex and paracentric keyways frustrate attacks by manipulation by making it harder to insert and manuever tools within the lock.

; [[Key Control]]
: The ability to control the creation, distribution, and cutting of keys for a given lock can greatly increase the security of the keying system for a given lock. Most high security locks have key bows and warding patterns that are patent protected to prevent unauthorized manufacturing. Keys to high security locks also generally require a [[security card]] be presented for a locksmith to duplicate keys. Many also require a specialized key cutting machine.

; [[Differs|Key Differs]]
: High security locks traditionally offer a very high number of real and theoretical key differs to prevent cross keying and allow for complex [[Master_Key|master keying]] configurations.

; Manipulation Resistance
: Almost all high-security locks have components designed to resist manipulation from [[lockpicking]] and [[decoding]] attacks. [[Security pin]]s are the most popular example of anti-manipulation components in pin-tumbler locks. Some locks also have components designed to resist [[impressioning]] and [[key bumping]].

; [[Forced Entry|Destructive/Forced Entry]] Resistance
: All high-security locks use strong materials and designs that make them resistant to destructive entry techniques. Steel rods, ball bearings, and hardened materials are common.

; High Manufacturing Tolerances
: Increased concern over the tolerance of components to provide a manipulation-resistant and functional lock accompanies most high-security locks. Increased tolerances also help to increase the number of available component sizes or depths and promote longevity of the lock.

== High security lock listing ==

{{ambox
| type = content
| text = '''This listing is subjective''' and is based on the experience and expertise of Lockwiki editors. "High security" locks are evaluated based on their ability to provide the characteristics listed above, any applicable [[security rating]]s, and the general consensus of the [[locksport]] community. In general, the locksport community is much more critical of security than any rating and standard organizations.
}}




* [[ASSA Twin 6000]]
* [[ASSA Twin V-10]]
* [[ASSA Twin Combi]]
* [[BiLock NG]]
* [[EVVA 3KS]]
* [[EVVA MCS]]
* [[Fichet 787]]
* [[Schlage Primus]]

== See also ==

* [[Security rating]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Key]]

[[Category:Locks| ]]
[[Category:High security locks| ]]
{{Stub}}

ABUS

2011-09-28T10:30:52Z

Nickinator: /* Lock Listing */ Added link to the 83, which is very popular in Australia, I'll create the page later.

=ABUS=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=ABUS
|Img=File:Abus_logo.png
|Headquarters=Germany
|Founded=1924
|Founder=August Bremicker
|Products=[[Padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|Lock cylinders]], [[Door]] hardware
}}

'''ABUS''' ('''August Bremicker und Söhne''') is a German [[lock manufacturer]] that produces low and medium security [[padlock]]s and lock [[cylinder]]s. ABUS is well known for their durable and easily identifiable brass [[pin-tumbler]] padlocks used throughout the world.

__TOC__

== History ==

ABUS was founded in 1924 by August Bremicker.<ref>[http://www.abus.de/us/main.asp?ScreenLang=us&sid=50184267818142016112009209104555&select=0002 ABUS Corporate History]</ref> It has remained a family owned business since then.

== Lock Listing ==
* [[ABUS 55]]
* [[ABUS 83]]
* [[ABUS 85]]
* [[ABUS 155]]
* [[ABUS 160]]
* [[ABUS Diskus]]
* [[ABUS Granit]]
* [[ABUS Plus]]
* [[ABUS T65 AL]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.abus.com/ ABUS DE homepage]
* [http://www.abuslock.com/ ABUS USA homepage]

== See also ==

* [[Lock Manufacturers]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]

[[Category:ABUS| ]]
[[Category:Lock Manufacturers]]

Key Control

2011-09-28T10:28:29Z

Nickinator: /* Do Not Copy (DNC) */

= Key Control =
Various mechanisms are in existence to stop keys from being duplicated. The most common include "DNC" (Do not Copy) and Restricted Keyways that are generally protected by law.

__TOC__

== Do Not Copy (DNC) ==
Many keys are stamped with "DNC" to deter duplication of the key, however many hardware stores, shops that provide a key cutting service and even some locksmiths will copy the keys, as there are no laws in place to prevent duplication. Do Not Copy keys are seen as more of a deterrent to stop people from getting the keys copied, but more recently it's become apparent that most places that provide key duplication will duplicate DNC stamped keys without having the customer on file as owning the lock.

== Restricted Keyways ==
Many larger institutions employ use of Restricted Keyways to prevent key duplication. The [[plug]] and the key blanks are often protected by a patent to prevent blanks from being created, however some restricted keyways rely on "Security through Obscurity" in the hope that key blanks and plugs will not be manufactured by anyone else.

Most Locksmith associations such as the Master Locksmith Association of Australia (MLAA) provide it's members with access to restricted keyways and plugs, making key duplication without authorization difficult. However Restricted Keyways can be recreated through custom - created keys. Keys can be created using nothing but a Hacksaw blade and a tension wrench.

== Key Cards ==
Often Restricted Keyways and even some DNC keys are protected by use of a "Key Card" (not to be confused with RFID smart card systems sometimes referred to as "Keycards") that is intended to be presented before a key can be duplicated. The card is generally made by the lock manufacturer and includes info on the Keyway and the key bitings.Systems such as [[BiLock]] and [[Abloy]] locks employ key cards to prevent key duplication. However generally anyone with the key card can have duplicates made, meaning the card must be kept secure.

Key Control

2011-09-28T10:27:42Z

Nickinator: /* Do Not Copy (DNC) */

= Key Control =
Various mechanisms are in existence to stop keys from being duplicated. The most common include "DNC" (Do not Copy) and Restricted Keyways that are generally protected by law.

__TOC__

== Do Not Copy (DNC) ==
Many keys are stamped with "DNC" to deter duplication of the key, however many hardware stores, shops that provide a key cutting service and even some locksmiths will copy the keys, as there are no laws in place to prevent duplication. Do Not Copy keys are seen as more of a deterrent to stop people from getting the keys copied, but more recently it's become apparent that most places that provide key duplication will duplicate DNC stamped keys.

== Restricted Keyways ==
Many larger institutions employ use of Restricted Keyways to prevent key duplication. The [[plug]] and the key blanks are often protected by a patent to prevent blanks from being created, however some restricted keyways rely on "Security through Obscurity" in the hope that key blanks and plugs will not be manufactured by anyone else.

Most Locksmith associations such as the Master Locksmith Association of Australia (MLAA) provide it's members with access to restricted keyways and plugs, making key duplication without authorization difficult. However Restricted Keyways can be recreated through custom - created keys. Keys can be created using nothing but a Hacksaw blade and a tension wrench.

== Key Cards ==
Often Restricted Keyways and even some DNC keys are protected by use of a "Key Card" (not to be confused with RFID smart card systems sometimes referred to as "Keycards") that is intended to be presented before a key can be duplicated. The card is generally made by the lock manufacturer and includes info on the Keyway and the key bitings.Systems such as [[BiLock]] and [[Abloy]] locks employ key cards to prevent key duplication. However generally anyone with the key card can have duplicates made, meaning the card must be kept secure.

Key Control

2011-09-28T10:26:56Z

Nickinator: /* Key Cards */ Added a bit more info on what it does.

= Key Control =
Various mechanisms are in existence to stop keys from being duplicated. The most common include "DNC" (Do not Copy) and Restricted Keyways that are generally protected by law.

__TOC__

== Do Not Copy (DNC) ==
Many keys are stamped with "DNC" to deter duplication of the key, however many hardware stores, shops that provide a key cutting service and even some locksmiths will copy the keys, as there are no laws in place to prevent duplication. Do Not Copy keys are seen as more of a deterrent to stop people from getting the keys copied, but more recently it's become apparent that most places that provide key duplication will

== Restricted Keyways ==
Many larger institutions employ use of Restricted Keyways to prevent key duplication. The [[plug]] and the key blanks are often protected by a patent to prevent blanks from being created, however some restricted keyways rely on "Security through Obscurity" in the hope that key blanks and plugs will not be manufactured by anyone else.

Most Locksmith associations such as the Master Locksmith Association of Australia (MLAA) provide it's members with access to restricted keyways and plugs, making key duplication without authorization difficult. However Restricted Keyways can be recreated through custom - created keys. Keys can be created using nothing but a Hacksaw blade and a tension wrench.

== Key Cards ==
Often Restricted Keyways and even some DNC keys are protected by use of a "Key Card" (not to be confused with RFID smart card systems sometimes referred to as "Keycards") that is intended to be presented before a key can be duplicated. The card is generally made by the lock manufacturer and includes info on the Keyway and the key bitings.Systems such as [[BiLock]] and [[Abloy]] locks employ key cards to prevent key duplication. However generally anyone with the key card can have duplicates made, meaning the card must be kept secure.

Key Control

2011-09-28T10:13:32Z

Nickinator:

= Key Control =
Various mechanisms are in existence to stop keys from being duplicated. The most common include "DNC" (Do not Copy) and Restricted Keyways that are generally protected by law.

__TOC__

== Do Not Copy (DNC) ==
Many keys are stamped with "DNC" to deter duplication of the key, however many hardware stores, shops that provide a key cutting service and even some locksmiths will copy the keys, as there are no laws in place to prevent duplication. Do Not Copy keys are seen as more of a deterrent to stop people from getting the keys copied, but more recently it's become apparent that most places that provide key duplication will

== Restricted Keyways ==
Many larger institutions employ use of Restricted Keyways to prevent key duplication. The [[plug]] and the key blanks are often protected by a patent to prevent blanks from being created, however some restricted keyways rely on "Security through Obscurity" in the hope that key blanks and plugs will not be manufactured by anyone else.

Most Locksmith associations such as the Master Locksmith Association of Australia (MLAA) provide it's members with access to restricted keyways and plugs, making key duplication without authorization difficult. However Restricted Keyways can be recreated through custom - created keys. Keys can be created using nothing but a Hacksaw blade and a tension wrench.

== Key Cards ==
Often Restricted Keyways and even some DNC keys are protected by use of a "Key Card" (not to be confused with RFID smart card systems sometimes referred to as "Keycards") that is intended to be presented before a key can be duplicated.

Key Control

2011-09-28T10:10:38Z

Nickinator: Created the page, added some info, might add some photos,

Various mechanisms are in existence to stop keys from being duplicated. The most common include "DNC" (Do not Copy) and Restricted Keyways that are generally protected by law.

__TOC__

== Do Not Copy (DNC) ==
Many keys are stamped with "DNC" to deter duplication of the key, however many hardware stores, shops that provide a key cutting service and even some locksmiths will copy the keys, as there are no laws in place to prevent duplication. Do Not Copy keys are seen as more of a deterrent to stop people from getting the keys copied, but more recently it's become apparent that most places that provide key duplication will

== Restricted Keyways ==
Many larger institutions employ use of Restricted Keyways to prevent key duplication. The [[plug]] and the key blanks are often protected by a patent to prevent blanks from being created, however some restricted keyways rely on "Security through Obscurity" in the hope that key blanks and plugs will not be manufactured by anyone else.

Most Locksmith associations such as the Master Locksmith Association of Australia (MLAA) provide it's members with access to restricted keyways and plugs, making key duplication without authorization difficult. However Restricted Keyways can be recreated through custom - created keys. Keys can be created using nothing but a Hacksaw blade and a tension wrench.

== Key Cards ==
Often Restricted Keyways and even some DNC keys are protected by use of a "Key Card" (not to be confused with RFID smart card systems sometimes referred to as "Keycards") that is intended to be presented before a key can be duplicated.

Key

2011-09-28T09:49:37Z

Nickinator: /* See also */ Added Key Control

=Key=

{{cleanup}}

[[Image:Lockwiki_Keys.jpg|thumb|350px|A variety of different keys.]]

A '''key''' is a physical object that is used to open a [[lock]]. Keys are inserted into a lock to cause internal components to align, allowing the lock to open. In [[Electronic_lock|electronic]] locks, keys may transmit information electronically rather than manipulate physical components.

Because of their use, keys have become symbolic of knowledge, power, responsibility, and trust. Keys have been used in countless pieces of art and literature throughout history, especially in religion. The papal insignia and the symbol of St. Peter are two such examples.

__TOC__

== History ==
Add to me!

== Parts of a Key ==

[[Image:Lockwiki_Key_front.jpg|thumb|125px|Master Lock key, front.]]
[[Image:Lockwiki_Key_back.jpg|thumb|125px|Master Lock key, back.]]

; Bitting
: The part of the key that makes contact with internal components. Cuts on the bitting allow internal components to be moved to different positions.

; Blade
: The shaft of the key which holds the wards, bitting, and cuts.

; Bow
: The handle which is used to turn the key. Commonly contains the lock manufacturer's logo, the keyway type, and key codes. Bows are generally patented, allowing keys to be quickly associated with certain manufacturers.

; Code(s)
: Characters stamped on the bow of the key that define what the cut depths for the key are or what model the keyway is.

; Cuts
: The cuts made on the bitting of the key. Cuts are used to properly align internal components of the lock, allowing the key to actuate the locking mechanism and unlock the lock.

; Keyway
: The profile of the key created by the blade and the wards. This is the inverse of the keyway of the lock.

; Shoulder
: The part of the key that connects the bow to the blade. The shoulder is commonly responsible for stopping the key from being inserted further, allowing the cuts to be properly aligned in the lock.

; Tip
: The end of the key opposite of the bow. Some locks use the tip of the key to align cuts instead of the shoulder.

; Warding
: Distortions to the blade of the key to prevent it from being used in a lock with a different keyway. [[Warded]] locks use this as their primary means of security.

== Types of Keys ==

; Single Bitted
: The traditional key with one set of cuts on the bitting.

; Multi Bitted
: A key with several sets of cuts, thus giving them multiple bitting surfaces. Common in [[high security locks]] that have auxilliary locking mechanisms, such as a [[Sidebar|sidebar]].

; Convenience
: A key with duplicate cuts but only one actual bitting surface, allowing the key to be functional when inserted in any orientation.

; Cruciform
: A key that has four bittings, giving it a star shaped tip. May not actually use all four, like a convenience key.

; Blank Key
: A key that has had no bitting cuts applied to it. "Blanks" are a common locksmithing item used for duplicating keys, [[impressioning]], and creating [[Bumping|bump keys]].

== Manufacturing of Keys ==

Non-electronic keys are made with aluminum, brass, iron, nickel-silver, steel, or zamak. The material used depends on the type of lock and the required durability and longevity of the key.

Add to me!

== Compromise of Keys ==

The compromise of a key or keying system may constitute a serious vulnerability in a locking system. Keys that are examined, borrowed, or stolen can be [[Impressioning|impressioned]] or [[Decoding|decoded]]. Analysis of keys within a [[Master_Key|master]] system may also contribute to compromise of the overall system, depending on the specifics of the system and the key obtained.

==See also==
* [[Differs]]
* [[Master Key]]
* [[Lock]]
* [[Decoding]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Key Control]]

[[Category:Keys| ]]

Lever

2011-09-28T09:32:01Z

Nickinator: /* Vulnerabilities */ Added info on specialisation of tools.

=Lever=
{{cleanup}}

A '''lever''' (or '''lever tumbler''') is a [[lock]] design that uses flat pieces of metal (also known as levers) and a [[bolt]] as locking components. In most designs, the position of the levers prevents the bolt from retracting. When positioned properly, a gate in the lever allows the bolt to retract. Lever locks are historically one of the most popular lock designs, but use has dwindled as less expensive [[pin-tumbler]] locks have gained popularity. Lever locks are popular in Europe (specifically the UK) as residential and commercial [[door]] locks and on [[safe]]s. Safe-deposit boxes in banks around the world use lever designs heavily.

__TOC__

== History ==

One of the early lever lock designs was the Banbury lock created in the late 1700s. This design did not use fences and gates, but rather a simple hinged lever that the key had to lift out of the way in order for the bolt to retract. Security was provided by traditional keyway [[Warded|warding]].

=== Barron lock ===
In 1778, [[Robert Barron]] patented the first lever lock that used a fence and gates. The levers utilized a technique called ''double action'' in order to provide increased security. This technique requires each lever be lifted to a precise height at which the fence can pass through the gate. Overlifting a lever causes it to block the fence; older locks' levers could just be lifted to any height as long as they cleared the obstacles. The double-acting lever principle is still in use to this day, and was also eventually applied to [[pin-tumbler]] locks by [[Linus_Yale_Jr|Linus Yale, Jr]].

=== Chubb lock ===
[[File:Chubb_lock.jpg|thumb|right|text-top|300px|The [[Chubb]] Detector lock.]]

In 1827, Charles and [[Jeremiah Chubb]] patented a lock design based on Barron's work. Their version reversed the placement of the fence and gates, attaching the fence to the bolt and the gates to the levers. This design still in use today in many locks. They also added a device called the ''detector'', an extra lever that triggered by overlifting of the main levers. When triggered, the Detector would lock the bolt until it was reset with a special key. [[Chubb]] added serrations on the gate levers which prematurely bound components if tension was applied when the component was in the incorrect position. This design was also eventually included in [[security pin]]s by many other lock designs.
In 1883, Chubb patented a rotating barrel that closed off the keyway when the key was turned. This addition helped to prevent [[decoding]].

=== Tucker and Reeves ===
In 1851, a new design surfaced with a bolt that was not rigidly fixed but could shift on one end. Patented by Tucker and Reeves, this design aimed to thwart picking attempts involving pressure on the bolt. The shifting bolt made it harder to feel the gates inside the lock as it shifted. In 1853, the design was refined to include a rotating barrel that prevented movement of the bolt until a key was inserted.

=== Parsons lock ===
In 1832, the Parsons lock was created. This design had seven symmetrical levers that pivoted around their midpoint (traditional levers were hinged at one endpoint). The key lifted the levers at one end and the bolt had notches at both ends. Overlifting any lever would cause it to engage the notch in the bolt and lock it at that end even if the other end had cleared the bolt.

== Principles of Operation ==

A series of levers is placed in the lock. The entire set of levers must be properly raised by the key to allow a piece of metal connected to the bolt to pass through the gates of the levers, retracting or extending the bolt. Each lever may have a larger undersection or a different gate position to provide [[differs]].

<div align="center"><gallery>
</gallery></div>

== Components ==

; Levers
: The primary locking component of lever lock. Each lever is a flat piece of metal with a gate which must be raised to the proper position to allow the stump to pass through and retract or extend the bolt. Each lever is self-tensioned by a built in spring, sometimes referred to as the "fly". Some levers use a thinned belly section referred to as "conning" to ensure the lever interfaces with the correct bitting area on the key.

; Stump, Fence
: The stump, or fence, is a protrusion connected to the [[bolt]]. The stump prevents the bolt from being extended or retracted until the levers are properly positioned. Traditional designs have the stump and levers interconnected (gates are closed, with the stump sitting inside each lever).

; Washers
: Washers are flat metal plates placed between each lever to ensure that each lever is properly raised by each bitting cut. They are not universal, but common in outdoor facing lever locks that require a high degree of reliability, especially in harsh conditions.

; Curtain
: A curtain is a component used in the keyway to prevent direct access to the levers until the key is fully rotated in the lock. This protects against casual manipulation of the levers, but does not dissuade [[lockpicking]] attacks completely.

== Vulnerabilities ==

Lever locks are vulnerable to a wide variety of attacks depending on their design. Tools to pick and decode lever locks are not as widely available as their [[pin-tumbler]] counterparts, due to the fact that the tools required are more specialized to each lock than regular [[picks]], but are equally prevelant and effective.

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Decoding]]
* [[Bypass]]

'''Notes'''
* Lever locks are not subject to [[key bumping]] or [[pick gun]] attacks.

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Lock]]
* [[Key]]
* [[Lockpicking]]

[[Category:Locks]]
[[Category:Lever locks| ]]

Combination

2011-08-14T09:43:31Z

Nickinator: /* Pushbutton Locks */ Added info on Security of push button locks due to limited combinations

= Combination =

[[Image:Safe_Combination_dial_Yale.jpg|thumb|right|text-top|350px|A Yale brand rotary combination dial.]]

A '''combination lock''' (or '''permutation lock''', '''word lock''') is a keyless [[lock]] that uses a sequence of letters, numbers, or symbols to open the lock. Unlike keyed locks, combination locks require that a user knows the proper sequence of characters to open the lock, much like knowing a password for a computer login. A combination lock works by correctly positioning internal components as the sequence is entered, usually through the use of one or more dials.

Combination locks are most commonly associated with [[safe]]s, but are also popular in low security applications, particularly [[padlock]]s. Combination locks are typically compromised via [[decoding]] or [[bypass]] rather than picking because they offer no direct access to locking components.

__TOC__

== History ==

The earliest combination lock was excavated from a Roman tomb in Athens, Greece. Attached to a small box, it featured several dials instead of keyholes. In 1206, the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari documented a combination lock in his book al-Ilm Wal-Amal al-Nafi Fi Sina'at al-Hiyal (The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices). Muhammad al-Astrulabi (ca 1200) also made combination locks, two of which are kept in Copenhagen and Boston Museums. Gerolamo Cardano later described a combination lock in the 16th century.

[[Linus_Yale_Jr|Linus Yale, Jr.]] contributed the first modern style rotary combination locks in the early 1870s. In 1878, Joseph Loch (Germany) modified Yale's design for Tiffany's Jewelers in New York City. <ref>[http://www.google.com/patents?id=Gvs-AAAAEBAJ US 200,070]. Improvement in Tumblers for Permutation-Locks.</ref> For several decades Loch made many more improvements in the design and function of combination locks.

Add to me!

== Rotary Combination Locks ==

A rotary combination lock uses a single dial which must be rotated left and right in a certain combination in order to open the lock. Rotary combination locks are commonly used on safes, vaults, and padlocks.

Contained inside the mechanism are discs, usually three, with notches that must be aligned to allow for a release of the piece holding the lock in place, and the lock to open. The position of the discs are manipulated by turning the dial left and right; on the dial is a catch - a sort of nub - and on each side of the discs is also a small catch. As the dial rotates, there will not be enough space for the catch on the dial to pass the catch on that side of the disc, and so the disc will begin to rotate with the dial. As this disc rotates, its catch will in turn begin rotating the next disc in a similar fashion. Once all discs and the dial are rotating together, the dial is rotated until the last disc is in place and the notch is in the proper positioning, then by rotating the dial in the other direction, the catches will all disconnect, starting from the dial to the first disc and so on until they connect from the other side and the discs begin to rotate together by the same method but in the opposite direction. In this way, the remaining discs are able to rotate and change their position without further disturbing the last disc. The process is completed back and forth until all discs are in place, and the lock is released.

In movies, rotary combination locks on bank vaults are commonly opened by thieves using a stethoscope. The principle is that each dial catch will make a small sound when it rotates into position. In reality, safemakers install false click generating mechanisms and sound deadening devices on the catches to make aural detection extremely difficult.

== Multiple Dial Locks ==

One of the simplest types of combination lock, often seen in low-security bicycle locks and in briefcases, uses several rotating discs with notches cut into them. The lock is secured by a pin with several teeth on it which hook into the rotating discs. When the notches in the discs align with the teeth on the pin, the lock can be opened.

This lock is considered to be one of the least secure types of combination lock; many locks of this type can be quickly opened without knowledge of the correct combination. Opening one in this fashion depends on slight irregularities in the machining of the parts.

== Pushbutton Locks ==

Pushbutton locks uses numbered or lettered buttons to properly align internal components. Pushing each button on the face of the lock rotates one or more wheels inside the lock. A user who knows the correct sequence of pushes can properly align all wheels and open the lock. Pushbutton locks are popular as standard door locks and padlocks. Pushbutton [[padlock]]s are the most common type of [[Lock_box|lock boxes]], common in the real estate industry, However the security of such locks is considered low due to the fact that the combination of suck locks does not normally have to be entered in any particular order, for example a code of 1234 could be entered as any one of the variants (2314, 4321, etc).

== Electronic Combination Locks ==

:''See [[Electronic_lock|Electronic Locks]]''

Electronic combination locks function on the same principle of needing to know the correct sequence to open the lock. In most cases a series of numbers or letters is entered on a keypad. If the sequence is correct, the locking mechanism is released. More advanced electronic combination locks can mimic the function of rotary combination locks, particularly the [[KABA|KABA/Mas Hamilton]] X series of combination locks, such as the [[KABA X-09]].

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==
* [[Lock]]
* [[Safe]]
* [[Key]]
* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Decoding]]

[[Category:Locks]]
[[Category:Combination locks| ]]

{{Stub}}

BiLock NG

2011-07-24T09:19:56Z

Nickinator: /* Vulnerabilities */ Updated Refs

=BiLock NG=

{{Lock model
| name = BiLock NG
| Img = File:BiLock_NG_cylinder_rim.jpg
| maker = [[Australian Lock Company]]
| lock_type = [[Cylinder]]
| lock_design = [[Sidebar]]
| years_produced = 1998 - present
| related = [[BiLock FG]]<br>[[BiLock QC]]
| patent = [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=lYoQAAAAEBAJ US 6,681,609]
}}

The '''BiLock NG''' (or '''BiLock New Generation''') is a dual-[[sidebar]] lock made by [[Australian Lock Company]]. The BiLock NG uses twelve pins arranged in two rows of six. Each row of pins uses a separate sidebar located at 3 and 9 o'clock in the plug. It also uses a moving element in the key blade which is used to position an addition component at the front of the plug. The NG is easily identified by the U-shaped key and keyway.

The BiLock NG supercedes the earlier [[BiLock FG]] design and is available in the [[BiLock QC]] interchangeable core format.

__TOC__

== Principles of operation ==

The BiLock NG uses a total of twelve pins arranged in two rows of six. Each row of pins interacts with a [[sidebar]] on each side of the plug. Each pin has a round hole, the true gate, and a false gate located two pin depths away from the true gate. The false gate is the same shape as the true gate, but is too shallow to allow the sidebar to fully retract. To open the lock, all pins are raised and the side bar legs retract into the true gate on each pin. There are 4 depths for pins, which allows 16,777,216 (4<sup>12</sup>) theoretical key [[differs]]. [[Master keying]] is available by using pins with widened or multiple sidebar holes. Master keyed pins do not use false gates.

There is no [[MACS]] for BiLock pins, but two four depths (deepest key cut) cannot be opposite one another because it weakens the key.

The main difference between the classic [[BiLock FG]] and the NG is a moving element in the key. Similar to the component used in the [[Mul-T-Lock Interactive]], this component in the key interacts with a movable element at the front of the lock, referred to as the "13th locking dimension" by BiLock advertising literature.<ref>Australian Lock Company. [http://www.australianlock.com.au/system/files//f6/f1/o586/BiLockNewGenDLBrochure_1.pdf BiLock Sales Brochure]</ref> While at rest, the movable element connects to a blocking bar that prevents the sidebar at 3 o'clock from retracting. The moving element in the key raises the blocking bar so that the sidebar may retract. Unlike other interactive components, the BiLock's component does not use a shear line or other positive locking mechanism; it only needs to be moved up to function.

The NG plug also has a removable faceplate which allows the warding of the lock to be changed without replacement of the plug or cylinder. The actual design of NG keys slightly differs from previous models; the base of the key and keyway are curved inward.<ref>{{Ref pulford}}</ref>

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:BiLock NG key.jpg|The BiLock NG key.
File:BiLock NG pins.jpg|Pins used in the NG, with false gates and master keyed pin shown.
File:BiLock NG sidebar.jpg|One of the sidebars used in the NG.
File:BiLock NG floating.jpg|Moving element pin and blocking bar.
</gallery></div>

'''Notes'''
* BiLock keys are cut then folded to create their U-shape.
* The BiLock NG core is compatible with the [[BiLock FG]] and [[BiLock QC]] cylinders.

== Disassembly instructions ==

The BiLock NG is easy to disassemble, but the moving element uses a number of small components that need to be considered.

# Remove the [[cam]] or C-clip.
# Remove the [[plug]] from the cylinder. A [[plug follower]] is not needed because there are no driver pins.
# Remove the faceplate from the front of the plug to access the moving element and the pin chamber cover.

== Vulnerabilities ==

The BiLock NG may be vulnerable to one or more of the following:

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Decoding]]

Due to the fact that there are only 4 possible pin depths, decoding of a BiLock key can (theoretically) be done simply by looking at the key. Keys can be created from thin metal, including that of Soda Cans, <ref>King, Jon & Datagram. (2011) [http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/articles/bilock.pdf Beating the BiLock]</ref>making the BiLock vulnerable to a key-cloning attack.

'''Notes'''
* The BiLock FG cannot be bumped because it is does not use driver pins.
* Decoding is possible via shimming of the pin channels as well as a pin & cam decoding tool from Falle Securities.<ref>King, Jon & Datagram. (2011) [http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/articles/bilock.pdf Beating the BiLock]</ref>

== Gallery ==

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:BiLock NG floating normal.jpg|Moving component (key) in the default position.
File:BiLock NG floating engaged.jpg|Moving component (key) in the active position.
File:BiLock NG key bitting.jpg|Closeup of the key bitting.
</gallery></div>

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Australian Lock Company]]
* [[BiLock]]
* [[Sidebar]]

[[Category:Australian Lock Company|BiLock NG]]
[[Category:Sidebar locks]]

BiLock NG

2011-07-24T09:18:20Z

Nickinator: /* Vulnerabilities */ Added theory on decoding BiLock Keys.

=BiLock NG=

{{Lock model
| name = BiLock NG
| Img = File:BiLock_NG_cylinder_rim.jpg
| maker = [[Australian Lock Company]]
| lock_type = [[Cylinder]]
| lock_design = [[Sidebar]]
| years_produced = 1998 - present
| related = [[BiLock FG]]<br>[[BiLock QC]]
| patent = [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=lYoQAAAAEBAJ US 6,681,609]
}}

The '''BiLock NG''' (or '''BiLock New Generation''') is a dual-[[sidebar]] lock made by [[Australian Lock Company]]. The BiLock NG uses twelve pins arranged in two rows of six. Each row of pins uses a separate sidebar located at 3 and 9 o'clock in the plug. It also uses a moving element in the key blade which is used to position an addition component at the front of the plug. The NG is easily identified by the U-shaped key and keyway.

The BiLock NG supercedes the earlier [[BiLock FG]] design and is available in the [[BiLock QC]] interchangeable core format.

__TOC__

== Principles of operation ==

The BiLock NG uses a total of twelve pins arranged in two rows of six. Each row of pins interacts with a [[sidebar]] on each side of the plug. Each pin has a round hole, the true gate, and a false gate located two pin depths away from the true gate. The false gate is the same shape as the true gate, but is too shallow to allow the sidebar to fully retract. To open the lock, all pins are raised and the side bar legs retract into the true gate on each pin. There are 4 depths for pins, which allows 16,777,216 (4<sup>12</sup>) theoretical key [[differs]]. [[Master keying]] is available by using pins with widened or multiple sidebar holes. Master keyed pins do not use false gates.

There is no [[MACS]] for BiLock pins, but two four depths (deepest key cut) cannot be opposite one another because it weakens the key.

The main difference between the classic [[BiLock FG]] and the NG is a moving element in the key. Similar to the component used in the [[Mul-T-Lock Interactive]], this component in the key interacts with a movable element at the front of the lock, referred to as the "13th locking dimension" by BiLock advertising literature.<ref>Australian Lock Company. [http://www.australianlock.com.au/system/files//f6/f1/o586/BiLockNewGenDLBrochure_1.pdf BiLock Sales Brochure]</ref> While at rest, the movable element connects to a blocking bar that prevents the sidebar at 3 o'clock from retracting. The moving element in the key raises the blocking bar so that the sidebar may retract. Unlike other interactive components, the BiLock's component does not use a shear line or other positive locking mechanism; it only needs to be moved up to function.

The NG plug also has a removable faceplate which allows the warding of the lock to be changed without replacement of the plug or cylinder. The actual design of NG keys slightly differs from previous models; the base of the key and keyway are curved inward.<ref>{{Ref pulford}}</ref>

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:BiLock NG key.jpg|The BiLock NG key.
File:BiLock NG pins.jpg|Pins used in the NG, with false gates and master keyed pin shown.
File:BiLock NG sidebar.jpg|One of the sidebars used in the NG.
File:BiLock NG floating.jpg|Moving element pin and blocking bar.
</gallery></div>

'''Notes'''
* BiLock keys are cut then folded to create their U-shape.
* The BiLock NG core is compatible with the [[BiLock FG]] and [[BiLock QC]] cylinders.

== Disassembly instructions ==

The BiLock NG is easy to disassemble, but the moving element uses a number of small components that need to be considered.

# Remove the [[cam]] or C-clip.
# Remove the [[plug]] from the cylinder. A [[plug follower]] is not needed because there are no driver pins.
# Remove the faceplate from the front of the plug to access the moving element and the pin chamber cover.

== Vulnerabilities ==

The BiLock NG may be vulnerable to one or more of the following:

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Impressioning]]
* [[Decoding]]

Due to the fact that there are only 4 possible pin depths, decoding of a BiLock key can (theoretically) be done simply by looking at the key. Keys can be (as described in Ref 11) created from thin metal, making the BiLock vulnerable to a key-cloning attack.

'''Notes'''
* The BiLock FG cannot be bumped because it is does not use driver pins.
* Decoding is possible via shimming of the pin channels as well as a pin & cam decoding tool from Falle Securities.<ref>King, Jon & Datagram. (2011) [http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/articles/bilock.pdf Beating the BiLock]</ref>

== Gallery ==

<div align="center"><gallery>
File:BiLock NG floating normal.jpg|Moving component (key) in the default position.
File:BiLock NG floating engaged.jpg|Moving component (key) in the active position.
File:BiLock NG key bitting.jpg|Closeup of the key bitting.
</gallery></div>

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Australian Lock Company]]
* [[BiLock]]
* [[Sidebar]]

[[Category:Australian Lock Company|BiLock NG]]
[[Category:Sidebar locks]]

User:Nickinator

2011-07-09T05:33:57Z

Nickinator: Added my basic info.

[http://www.nickinator.info/ Nickinator] (Aka Nick Jones)
Lock picking enthusiast with an interest in all things security.
I've been using LockWiki for a while and while researching Interchangeable cores and not finding anything on LockWiki I thought it time I repay.

Interchangeable core

2011-07-09T05:31:44Z

Nickinator: Put more info on ICs being easier to pick.

=Interchangeable Core=

[[Image:Interchangable_Core_Lockwiki.JPG|thumb|right|text-top|300px|Interchangable Lock Core]]

An Interchangeable Core is a lock core that can be changed without fully disassembling the lock. The cores generally come in a "Figure Eight" form factor. Interchangeable cores are generally also characterized by their ability to be changed by the end user, rather than a locksmith.
__TOC__

==Function==
The opening and closing of an interchangeable core is exactly the same as it would be on a full form factor lock of the same type. (For example [[Pin tumbler]].)

In most interchangeable cores changing of cores is done by using a special key known as a "Control Key" or "Interchange Key". This key functions as a normal key would, but it unlocks the holding mechanism for the core, allowing it to slide out.

Other interchangeable cores (mostly on padlocks) use a single retaining screw below the clasp to hold the core in place, however there is debate about if this is still technically and interchangeable core.

==Security==
Interchangeable cores have both security benefits and downsides.

The addition of an extra one or more pins controlled by the control key leave at least one extra possible correct position for the lock. Making it easier to pick.

However the time saving benefits of an interchangeable core and the fact the work does not need to be completed by a locksmith mean that in the event of a key breach, locks can be changed quickly and efficiently by staff rather than a professional locksmith.

Lockwood

2011-07-09T05:30:48Z

Nickinator: /* Security and Picking */ Dangers of non control-keyed ICs

=Lockwood=

{{Lock manufacturer
|Name=Lockwood
|Img=File:Lockwood_logo.jpg
|Headquarters=Australia
|Founded=1934
|Founder=John Stanley Ogden
|Products=[[Padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|Lock cylinders]], [[Electronic lock]]s,
}}

'''Lockwood''' is an Australian [[lock manufacturer]] that produces low and medium security [[padlock]]s, [[Cylinder|lock cylinders]], and [[electronic lock]]s.

__TOC__

== History ==

In 1999 [[ASSA-Abloy]] purchased a 50% share in Lockwood and assumed full ownership of the company in 2001.

== Lock listing ==

Add to me!

==Security and Picking==
Very few (if any) unmodified Lockwood locks use [[Security pin]]'s, and all Lockwood padlock plugs rotate in the same direction (Clockwise), making them relatively low security.

However some Lockwood padlocks, such as the Lockwood 234/45 features an [[Interchangeable Core]], which can increase security, however these cores can be removed when the lock is open by simply using a screwdriver, rather than an interchange key / control key. This means that with access to an open padlock a key can be made to fit the lock through decoding.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/ About Us, Lockwood Australia Website]
* [http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/lockweb/about-us/75-year-anniversary/ 75 Year anniversary, Lockwood Australia Website]

==See Also==

* [[Lock manufacturers]]
* [[ASSA-Abloy]]
* [[Pin-tumbler]]
* [[Australian Lock Company]]

[[Category:Lock Manufacturers]]
[[Category:Lockwood| ]]
[[Category:ASSA-Abloy]]

Pick gun

2011-07-08T13:44:00Z

Nickinator: /* Principles of Operation */ Including difference between downward and upward picking guns.

=Pick Guns=

[[Image:Pick_gun_manual.jpg|thumb|300px|A standard manual pick gun and [[Tension|tension]] tool.]]

A '''pick gun''' (or '''snapper pick''', '''snap gun''', '''vibration pick''', '''electric pick''') is a [[Lockpicking|lockpicking]] tool used to rapidly open [[Pin_tumbler|pin-tumbler]] based locks. Pick guns are manual or electric, and are a common tool for [[Locksmithing|locksmiths]]. The use of pick guns is classified as [[Covert_Entry|covert entry]] because they leave distinct [[Forensics|forensic]] evidence. Pick guns are similar in function to [[Bumping|bump keys]].

__TOC__

== History ==

Add to me!

== Principles of Operation ==

The pick gun needle is inserted into the keyway below the bottom pins and a [[Tension|tension]] tool is used to apply light tension to the [[Plug|plug]]. The trigger of the gun is fired, causing the needle to impact all pin stacks simultaneously. The kinetic energy travels to the top pins, causing them to jump. If all top pins jump above the [[Shear_line|shear-line]], the plug will be free to rotate. Pick guns often require several attempts to pick the lock, but are effective against most low to mid security pin-tumbler locks.

'''Notes'''
* The use of [[security pin]]s does not hinder movement of the pins unless tension is applied prematurely.
* Pick guns are available in both downward and upward picking positions, depending on the orientation of the lock, although pick guns work regardless of the orientation it is often difficult to use one upside down.

== Electric Pick Guns ==

[[Image:Pick_gun_electric.jpg|thumb|left|text-top|An electic pick gun and tension tools.]]

Electric pick guns use a motor or electromagnet to continuously oscillate the needle. The needle is placed under all pins and vibrates, hoping to vibrate at a resonating frequency that will cause all top pins to jump above the shear line, allowing the plug to turn. The resonating frequency is an important feature in electric pick guns, but few actually allow this to be controlled directly. Most products advise the user to turn the tool off and on repeatedly to vary the motor speed.

Electric pick guns leave a much greater amount of forensic evidence than manual pick guns because of their constant movement when inside the lock.

Due to the high cost of electric pick guns, many low-cost homemade alternatives exist. Most modify a device to include the use of a needle on an existing motor or electromagnet. Products include electric toothbrushes, scissors, and screwdrivers.

<br clear=all>

== See also ==

* [[Lockpicking]]
* [[Bumping|Key Bumping]]
* [[Locksmithing]]
* [[Pin_tumbler|Pin-tumbler]]

{{Stub}}

[[Category:Lockpicking]] [[Category:Covert_Entry]]