Medeco Biaxial

Medeco Biaxial

Medeco Biaxial
Name	Medeco Biaxial
Manufacturer	Medeco
Lock Type	Cylinder
Lock Design	Pin-tumbler, Sidebar
Year(s) Produced	1985-present
Patent	US 4,635,455
Related Locks
Medeco Classic Medeco M3

The Biaxial is a UL 437 rated pin-tumbler lock made by Medeco. It is well known for the use of rotating bottom (key) pins that interface with a sidebar. The Biaxial is one of the most widely used American high security locks. It was previously thought to be one of the most secure locks available, but continued research from the locksport community has proven a variety of attacks are possible, including key bumping.

The Biaxial is a newer version of the Medeco Classic and has since been superseded by the Medeco M3.

Principles of Operation

The Medeco Biaxial uses five or six pin-tumblers that provide axial rotation to interface with a sidebar located at 3 o'clock. Pin-tumblers must be properly raised to the shear line as well as rotated so that the sidebar arms can fall into notches on the side of each pin-tumbler. Axial rotation is provided by the design of the bottom (key) pins and angled bitting cuts on the key.

The Biaxial uses 2-3 mushroom top pins in each cylinder to provide manipulation resistance to traditional lockpicking. The sidebar notches on the sides of the bottom pins may also have false notches to resist manipulation by rotation. In addition, "ARX" pins are used to protect against manipulation by rotation. ARX pins close the sidebar notches before they reach the end of the pin, making it so they cannot be readily grabbed by a tool.

Resistance to forced entry is provided in the form of hardened steel rods and discs. In the plug rods are in the 3, 9, and 12 o'clock positions. In the cylinder, two crescent shaped discs are placed at the 12 and 3 o'clock positions to protect the pin-chambers and the sidebar. As a secondary locking mechanism, the sidebar itself also helps to protect against a variety of forced entry techniques. Bottom pins may also have a hardened steel core to resist drilling.

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  Angled bitting cuts on the Biaxial key.

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  The Biaxial sidebar.

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  Biaxial bottom pin with true and false notches.

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  Sidebar pins properly aligned by the key.

Disassembly instructions

Disassembly of the Biaxial is simplified compared to other sidebar-based locks because there are no additional finger pins used in the sidebar.

1. Remove the cam or C-clip.
2. Insert the key and turn the plug 45-90 degrees.
3. Withdraw the plug from the cylinder. (A plug follower is recommended)

OR

1. Remove the chamber casings and take out each pin-stack individually
2. Remove the cam or C-clip.
3. Withdraw the plug from the cylinder.

Notes

• When reassembled the sidebar must be pointed down, with the ball bearing facing the front of the plug.

Vulnerabilities

• Lockpicking
• Decoding
• Impressioning
• Key bumping

Notes

• The validity of key bumping attacks against Medeco cylinders has been debated between Medeco and the locksport community. Research done by Marc Weber Tobias and Tobias Bluzmanis has shown these systems are vulnerable to a wide variety of attacks, including bumping.
• Lockpicking attacks against this lock were previously thought extremely difficult due to axial rotation. A tool called the "Medecoder", developed by Jon King, made this process much easier and at the same time allowed for decoding of the sidebar code.

Gallery

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  Five pin Biaxial key.

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  Medeco Biaxial six pin key.

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  Comparison of Biaxial key bittings.

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  Biaxial cylinder with sidebar inserted.

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  Biaxial bottom pin showing chisel and sidebar notch.

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  Pins used in a five pin Biaxial.

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  Sidebar pins properly aligned, side view.

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  Anti-drill and grinding steel crescents in the cylinder.

See also

• Medeco
• Pin-tumbler
• Sidebar